Isikhungo Esijwayelekile Sokugeleza Kwamanzi Uhlobo lwe-LJS Ukugeleza Kwamanzi Indlela Ejwayelekile Yokugeleza Kwamanzi Indlela Ejwayelekile Yokugreyitha Engaguquki + Indlela Eqinile Yokugeleza + Indlela Eyinhloko Yokulinganisa Imitha
1. Incazelo
Isikhungo Esijwayelekile Sokugeleza Kwamanzi sohlobo lwe-LJS (esibizwa ngokuthi iSikhungo) siyithuluzi lokulinganisa elikhethekile elidingekayo yimithethonqubo kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa i-metrological. Sisebenzisa izikali ze-elekthronikhi ezinembe kakhulu (izinga eliyinhloko), izilinganiso zensimbi ezijwayelekile (izinga eliyinhloko), kanye namamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile (izinga lesibili) njengezinto zokubhekisela. Sisebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile njengendlela yokulinganisa, futhi ngokusekelwe emithethweni efanele yokuqinisekisa kazwelonke kanye nezidingo zokulinganisa zemitha evivinywayo (i-MUT), siqinisekisa njalo, silinganise, futhi sihlole amamitha okugeleza e-MUT ngaphakathi kwezikhawu zesikhathi ezifanayo. Sisetshenziswa kabanzi yiminyango kazwelonke yokuqapha ubuchwepheshe be-metrology ukuqinisekisa okokuqala ngqa kanye nokuqinisekiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinsimbi, kanye nokulamula komthetho kanye nokwamacala. Sisebenza futhi njengendinganiso yokusebenza kwangaphakathi ezimbonini ezifana ne-petroleum kanye namakhemikhali, futhi sisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa ukugeleza okuhlakaniphile ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ukuqapha ubuchwepheshe be-metrology, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamamitha okugeleza, okunikeza ukulinganisa okubanzi kanye nokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokudluliselwa kwenani ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokulinganisa nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lokuqinisekisa i-metrological lwabasebenzi, lolu hlaka lokuqeqeshwa luhlelwe ngokukhethekile. Abasebenzi abenza umsebenzi wokulinganisa izakhiwo kulindeleke ukuthi bawuthathe ngokungathi sína, bawufunde ngenkuthalo, futhi bawufunde kahle lo msebenzi.
Lesi sikhungo sihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokulinganisa: Indlela ye-Static Gravimetric, Indlela ye-Static Volumetric, kanye ne-Master Meter Method. Le ndlela ehambisanayo enezindlela eziningi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulinganisa kanye nezinga lobuhlakani besikhungo, okwenza kube lula ukulinganisa noma ukuqinisekiswa kwe-inthanethi kwamamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile, kanye nokulinganisa noma ukuqinisekiswa kwamamitha okugeleza amanzi ahlukahlukene.
Indlela ye-Static Gravimetric isebenzisa isikali se-elekthronikhi esinembile kakhulu njengereferensi. Inquma izinga lokugeleza ngokukala isisindo esiphelele soketshezi olugeleza esitsheni esilinganisayo ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe bese siqhathanisa nokugeleza kwesisindo okubalwe kusuka ku-MUT, ngaleyo ndlela kunqunywe ukunemba nokuphindeka kwe-MUT. Izikali ze-elekthronikhi zinikeza ukunemba okuphezulu; le ndlela ingafinyelela ukunemba okungu-±0.05% futhi inezinzuzo ezifana nomthombo wokugeleza kwengcindezi engaguquki, ukugeleza okuzinzile, kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa okuphezulu.
Indlela ye-Static Volumetric isebenzisa isilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile njengereferensi. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-Static Gravimetric Method, iphinde ibe nomthombo wokugeleza kwengcindezi oqhubekayo, ukugeleza okuzinzile, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kutholakale ukugeleza okukhulu, i-Static Volumetric Method idinga izindlela eziningi zensimbi ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa. Ukukhiqiza izindlela zensimbi ezijwayelekile kunzima kakhulu, isikhathi sokulinganisa side, futhi ukunemba okuphezulu okungafinyeleleka kungu-±0.1%.
Indlela ye-Master Meter isebenzisa imitha yokugeleza enembile kakhulu njengethuluzi lokubhekisela ukuhlola i-MUT. Amamitha okugeleza anembile kakhulu asetshenziswa njalo angafinyelela ukunemba kokulinganisa okucishe kube ngu-±0.2%. Ukuze kulinganiswe amamitha okugeleza asebenzayo ajwayelekile, le ndlela yokuqinisekisa ilula, ilula, futhi ingabizi kakhulu.
Indlela yokuzinzisa ingcindezi yalesi sikhungo ihlanganisa ukulawulwa kwesikebhe esizinzisayo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-variable frequency drive (VFD). Ngokulawula ijubane le-VFD ukulawula ijubane lephampu, ukugeleza kokukhipha kwe-calibration medium kuyaqiniswa. Ukuzinzisa okwengeziwe ngesikebhe esizinzisayo kulawula ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yokugeleza ngaphakathi kuka-0.2%. Ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwesistimu kuhlanganisa ama-valve alawulayo kanye ne-pump motor VFD control, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawulwa kokugeleza kwamapayipi ahlukahlukene ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesistimu.
Isikhungo sonke silawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwekhompyutha okunezelelwa ukusebenza ngesandla. Ivumela ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokutholwa kwedatha yesikhungo sonke, njengokufundwa kwesikali se-elekthronikhi, ukufundwa kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, ukufundwa kwemitha yokugeleza ejwayelekile, ukufundwa kwe-MUT, ukulawula ukuphambukisa, umthumeli wokucindezela, umthumeli wokushisa, ivalvu yokulawula ukugeleza, kanye nokulawulwa kwe-VFD kanye nokutholwa kwedatha. Ingenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulinganiswa kwephuzu elilodwa, amaphuzu amathathu, amaphuzu amahlanu, kanye namaphuzu amaningi, ngemisebenzi yokugcina idatha okuzenzakalelayo, ukubuza, ukuphrinta imiphumela yokulinganisa, kanye nezitifiketi zokulinganisa. Indlela yokuqinisa ingcindezi isebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-VFD kanye nezindlela zokuqinisa izitsha ngokusekelwe ebangeni lokugeleza. Ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwesistimu kuhlanganisa amavalvu okulawula kagesi kanye nemoto yepompo ukulawula i-VFD, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawulwa kokugeleza kwamadayamitha ahlukahlukene kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesistimu.
Abasebenzisi bangakhetha indlela ethile yokulinganisa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwemitha okufanele ilinganiswe, imikhawulo yendawo, izimo zomnotho, njll., noma bahlanganise izindlela eziningana zokwakha indawo ejwayelekile ehambisanayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo kuhambisana nezindinganiso, imithethonqubo, kanye nezincazelo zikazwelonke ze-metrology:
● Isikhungo Esijwayelekile Sokugeleza Koketshezi se-JJG 164-2000
● Isikhungo Esijwayelekile Sokugeleza Kwendlela Yemitha Eyinhloko ye-JJG 643-2024
● Amamitha Amanzi Abandayo Aphathwayo e-JJG 162-2019
● Ama-Flowmeter e-JJG 257-2007
● Ama-flowmeter Okucindezela Okuhlukile e-JJG 640-2016
●I-JJG 667-2010 Ama-Liquid Positive Displacement Flowmeters
● Ama-Vortex Flowmeter e-JJG 1029-2007
●I-JJG 1030-2007 Ultrasonic Flowmeters
● I-JJG 1033-2007 Ama-flowmeter e-Electromagnetic
● Ama-Flowmeter e-Turbine e-JJG 1037-2008
●JJG 1038-2008 Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
2. Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko
2.1 Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Ayinhloko
2.1.1Izindlela Zokulinganisa: Indlela Yokulinganisa Engaguquki + Indlela Yokulinganisa Engaguquki + Indlela Yokulinganisa Engaguquki.
2.1.2Ukungaqiniseki Okunwetshiwe Kwesikhungo:
* Indlela ye-Static Gravimetric: 0.05% (*k*=2) Isikhawu sesikali sokuqinisekisa isikali se-elekthronikhi e=1/6000;
* Indlela Yokulinganisa Okungaguquki: 0.2% (*k*=2) Isilinganiso sokusebenza esijwayelekile Iphutha elikhulu elivumelekile: ≤±0.5×10⁻³; uma kusetshenziswa izindlela zensimbi ezijwayelekile zeSigaba II, Indlela Yokulinganisa Okungaguquki ingaba ngu-0.15% (*k*=2);
* Indlela Yokulinganisa Okuyinhloko: 0.3% (*k*=2) Ukungaqiniseki kwesilinganiso sokugeleza okujwayelekile 0.2% (*k*=2).
2.1.3Ukuzinza Kokugeleza: ≤0.2%.
2.1.4Ibanga Lokugeleza: (0.02 ~ 5000) m³/h (noma ibanga lokugeleza elichazwe ngumsebenzisi).
2.1.5Imininingwane ye-MUT: Ububanzi DN4 ~ DN600 (noma ububanzi obuchazwe ngumsebenzisi).
2.1.6Iziteshi Zokuhlola Ukulinganisa: Amaqembu amaningi angasethwa, ngamapayipi okuhlola ukulinganisa ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo. Ububanzi besiteshi sokulinganisa obujwayelekile yi-DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Amanye amamitha okugeleza okucacisiwe angalinganiswa ngokushintsha amapayipi.
2.1.7Izinhlobo ze-MUTs: Amamitha okugeleza e-turbine, amamitha okugeleza e-vortex, amamitha okugeleza kagesi, amamitha okugeleza e-ultrasonic, amamitha okugeleza ejubane, amamitha okugeleza okucindezela okuhlukile, amamitha okugeleza okuhambayo okune-liquid positive, amamitha okugeleza kobuningi be-Coriolis, njll.
2.1.8Izimpawu ze-MUT: Isignali ye-pulse (imvamisa), ugesi (4~20)mA, ukuxhumana kwedijithali kwe-RS485, akukho signali (ukufundwa okuqondile), njll.
2.1.9Isilinganiso Sokulinganisa: Amanzi ahlanzekile.
2.1.10Ingcindezi Yokusebenza: (0.2 ~ 1.0) MPa (ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi).
2.1.11Ukunikezwa Kwamandla: DC (5V, 12V, 24V)/1A, AC220V/10A.
2.1.12Indlela Yokulawula:
Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, indawo isebenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kwemisebenzi edingekayo ngesandla (ukufaka i-MUT, ukuvula/ukuvala ama-valve ngesandla), imisebenzi esele yokulinganisa iqedwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokulawulwa kwekhompyutha.
2.1.13Izinto Zokusebenza:
Izingxenye ezithintana nendawo yokuhlola zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Ezinye izingxenye zenziwe ngensimbi yekhabhoni enesiphetho esipendiwe.
2.1.14Indawo Yelebhu Yesikhungo (Ehlinzekwe Umsebenzisi):
Isakhiwo sonke sakhiwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kongiwe isikhala futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zelebhu.
2.1.15Ukwamukelwa Kwesikhungo:
Ukwamukelwa kokugcina kwesikhungo sonke kwenziwa yisikhungo sikazwelonke esisemthethweni sokumetrology esiqokwe ngumsebenzisi. Sizohlola, sihlole, futhi sikhiphe umbiko wokuqinisekisa/wokulinganisa (isitifiketi). Lo mbiko (isitifiketi) usebenza njengombhalo oyinhloko wokwamukela.
Amanye amayunithi okulinganisa ngaphakathi kwesikhungo, okuhlanganisa izikali ze-elekthronikhi, izilinganiso zensimbi ezijwayelekile, amamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile, ama-transmitter okucindezela, ama-transmitter okushisa, ama-timer, njll., azonikezwa imibiko yokuqinisekisa/yokulinganisa (izitifiketi) ezikhishwe yizikhungo ze-metrology zomthetho zesifundazwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa.
2.2 Isimiso Sokusebenza
Uma usebenzisa i-Static Gravimetric Method yokulinganisa, isikali se-elekthronikhi siyireferensi. Ngaphakathi nesikhathi esifanayo esibekiwe, isisindo sendawo yokulinganisa esigeleza nge-MUT siqhathaniswa nesisindo esilinganiswe yisilinganiso se-elekthronikhi (noma ukugeleza kwesisindo okubalwe kusukela esikhathini esibekiwe), okunquma ukunemba kanye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-MUT.
Uma usebenzisa i-Static Volumetric Method yokulinganisa i-flow meter, i-MUT kanye nesilinganiso sokusebenza esijwayelekile zisebenza ngokuvumelana. Ngaphakathi nesikhathi esifanayo esibekiwe, ukugeleza kwe-volumetric nge-MUT (noma ivolumu ehlanganisiwe ebalwe kusukela esikhathini esibekiwe) kuqhathaniswa nevolumu elinganiswe ngokwe-static esilinganisweni sokusebenza esijwayelekile, okunquma ukunemba kwe-metrological ye-MUT kanye nokuphindeka kwayo.
Uma usebenzisa i-Master Meter Method yokulinganisa, i-calibration medium igeleza njalo ku-MUT kanye naku-master meter. I-master meter isebenza njengereferensi, ixhunywe ochungechungeni ne-MUT yokuqhathaniswa kwe-metrological, inquma ukunemba kanye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-MUT.
2.3 Ukugeleza Kwenqubo
Indawo yokuhlola igeleza isuka ethangini lamanzi, idlule eqenjini lephampu, isitsha esizinzisayo, isinciphisi/isihlungi somoya, amapayipi enqubo yokulinganisa, iqembu lemitha yokugeleza ejwayelekile, iqembu levalvu elilawula ukugeleza, i-diverter, iye esitsheni sokulinganisa. Ngemva kokulinganisa ngesikali se-elekthronikhi (noma isilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile), ibuyela ethangini lamanzi. Ukugeleza kohlelo kunqunywa ngokukala uketshezi olugeleza esitsheni sokulinganisa (noma ukulinganisa umthamo wesilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile).
Faka i-MUT epayipini lokuhlola elihambisanayo. Qala uhlelo lokugcina amanzi ajikelezayo kanye nokuqinisa ingcindezi oluhambisanayo. Lungisa ukuvulwa kwevalvu elawulayo, ijubane lokugeleza eliphakathi, kanye nokucindezela kwepayipi ukuze kufinyelele futhi kuzinze ngesilinganiso sokugeleza kokulinganisa esidingekayo. I-test medium igeleza nge-MUT kanye nezinga lokusebenza lokugeleza (isikali se-elekthronikhi, isilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile, imitha yokugeleza ejwayelekile). Sebenzisa i-MUT kanye nezinga lokusebenza lokugeleza ngokuvumelana, qhathanisa amanani okugeleza okukhiphayo ukuze unqume ukunemba kwe-metrological kanye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-MUT. Amanani ajwayelekile aqoqwe ngokuvumelana kanye namanani e-MUT angena ohlelweni lwekhompyutha ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha. Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezahlukene zokulinganisa, inqubo yokulawula ikhipha izimpawu zokulawula ezahlukene njengoba kudingeka ukuze kulethwe i-test medium ezingeni lokugeleza lenye indawo yokuhlola. Phinda umsebenzi ongenhla kuze kube yilapho wonke amaphuzu okugeleza elinganisiwe. Okokugcina, bala imiphumela yokulinganisa ngokusekelwe emithethweni yokuqinisekisa, uwagcine, bese uphrinta imibiko nezitifiketi.
2.4 Ukwakheka Kwesikhungo
2.4.1Uhlelo Lokugcina Amanzi Nokuzinzisa Olujikelezayo
Yakhiwe ngethangi lamanzi, iphampu(amaphampu), uhlelo lwe-VFD, isitsha sokuzinzisa, isinciphisi/isihlungi somoya, amapayipi okuxhuma, amavalvu esango elenziwa ngesandla, amavalvu okuhlola, kanye nezixhumi eziguquguqukayo, njll.
A. Amaphampu Kagesi
Kukhethwa amaphampu e-centrifugal asebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo, adlidliza kancane, futhi anomsindo ophansi. Ahlanganisa ngokugcwele ububanzi bokugeleza obudingekayo ngamaphayiphi okulinganisa esikhungo futhi ahlanganisa izimiso zokusebenzisa kahle amandla kanye nokonga okungcono ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nomthethonqubo wokugeleza. Amaphampu amaningi angasetshenziswa kanyekanye noma iphampu eyodwa ingalawulwa yi-VFD ngokuzimela ukuze ihlangabezane nobubanzi bokugeleza kwamaphayiphi okulinganisa.
Ikhanda lephampu likhethwa ngokufanele ngokusekelwe ekungqubuzaneni kwephayiphi okubalwa kanye nokulahlekelwa kwendawo kusuka endaweni yokuphuma kwephampu kuya endaweni yokuphuma kwephayiphi, kanye nokuphakama kusuka ebusweni bethangi kuya ku-nozzle yokujika kanye nephayiphi yokubuyisa, ukulahlekelwa kokumunca kwephampu, kanye nezidingo zokucindezela kokusebenza ukuze kulinganiswe. Ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kwephampu kusebenzisa amanani aphakathi.
Amaphampu aklanywa futhi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amamodeli esimanje aphezulu e-hydraulic, anezimbobo ezijikelezayo, ukumunca okuvundlile, ukukhishwa okuqondile, kanye nobubanzi obufanayo bokungena/bokuphuma. Ukuxhumeka kwenjini okuqondile kuqinisekisa imiphini eqondile, ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile, ukuqinisekisa ingcindezi yokukhipha iphampu ezinzile enokucindezela okuncane kanye nokuguquguquka kokugeleza, okwenza kube lula ukulawula kanye nokulawula.
Izindlela zokunciphisa ukudlidliza kanye nokuhlukanisa ziyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwephampu. Izixhumi eziguquguqukayo zifakwa endaweni yokungena/yokuphuma kwephampu ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza ngempumelelo. Ama-valve okuhlola okuvala kancane afakwa emapayipini okuphuma ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugeleza emuva, kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa ingcindezi ukuze kuqedwe isando samanzi. Ama-motor asebenza kahle ngamandla ngokuvikelwa kwamandla amaningi/umthwalo omningi. Ikhanda lokumunca eliqondile lisetshenziselwa ukugwema ukungena komoya nezinkinga zokuprima.
B. Isitsha Esiqinisayo
Indlela yokuzinzisa ingcindezi yalesi sikhungo ukuzinzisa imikhumbi + ukulawulwa kwe-VFD, okusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukugeleza nokuguquguquka kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokutholwa. Ihlinzeka ngengcindezi ezinzile yesistimu, iqeda ukushaya kwemvamisa ephezulu kanye namagagasi okushaqeka emaphampini, futhi isusa amabhamuza afakwe endaweni yokulinganisa. Isikebhe esizinzisayo silinganisa, sibambe, futhi simunce ukushaya kwengcindezi yoketshezi, siqinisekise ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yokugeleza kokukhipha kuhlala kuzinzile ngaphakathi kuka-0.2%, okwenza uketshezi olusepayipini lokulinganisa luhlangabezane ngokugcwele nezidingo zokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwesigaba esisodwa.
Ngokusekelwe enanini lokuguquguquka kokuphuma kwephampu, inani lokuzinzisa imikhumbi, kanye nobubanzi bokungena/bokuphuma kwemikhumbi, bala ukugeleza okuphezulu ukuze uklame umthamo wemikhumbi ngendlela efanele, ubuningi, kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Izinto zingaba yinsimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma insimbi yekhabhoni.
Umkhumbi une-baffle eyodwa eqondile, ama-baffle amathathu aqondile ane-grid enezimbobo. I-baffle eqondile ihlukanisa umkhumbi ube ngamakamelo okungena nawokuphuma. I-medium ingena, igeleza phezulu/phansi ngenxa ye-baffle ne-buffer, i-turbulence incishiswa kakhulu yi-baffles eqondile kanye ne-cushion yomoya ephezulu, bese ingena ekamelweni lokukhipha ngokugcwala ingene epayipini. Lokhu kumunca futhi kuvimbele ngempumelelo amagagasi okushaqeka kwe-pulsation aphindaphindayo, kuqede i-pulsation ebangelwa yi-pump, esebenza njengesiqinisi sokucindezela kanye ne-unloader. Izinguquko ezincane zokucindezela kohlelo zivinjelwa ukwanda/ukufinyela okuzenzakalelayo kwesikhala se-cushion yomoya ngaphezu komkhumbi.
Ukuklama nokukhiqiza kuhambisana ne-GB150-2011 "Izitsha Zokucindezela Insimbi" kanye "Nemithethonqubo Yokuqapha Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Kwezitsha Zokucindezela". Ama-Flange ahambisana ne-GB150-2011 kanye ne-GB/T 9112~9124-2010 "Ama-Flange Epayipi Lensimbi". Kunikezwa imibhalo ephelele yokuphepha (ilayisensi yokukhiqiza, isitifiketi sekhwalithi, isitifiketi sokuqapha imishini ekhethekile, amafayela okuklama, izincwadi zokufaka/zokulungisa).
Izesekeli zemikhumbi zifaka igeyiji yokucindezela, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi, ivalvu yokuphepha egcwele isipilingi, amapayipi, kanye nokufakwa.
C. Uhlelo lwe-VFD
Lesi sikhungo sihlonyiswe ngohlelo lwe-VFD olusebenza nomuntu ngamunye. Imisebenzi yalo: 1) Gwema ukushayisana kwegridi ngesikhathi sokushintsha imvamisa yamandla, 2) Qinisekisa ukuthi amaphampu asebenza njalo ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-VFD ukuze kube lula ukulawula ukugeleza kohlelo kanye nokonga amandla. Uhlelo luqukethe ikhabhinethi yokuqala, i-VFD, izintambo zokuxhuma, njll. I-VFD eyodwa ilawula injini eyodwa yephampu (ibanga lesivinini elingcono kakhulu: 35Hz ~ 50Hz). Ukulawulwa kwe-PID kusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza nokucindezela. Ama-VFD afakwa kumakhabhinethi anemisebenzi yokuma yendawo/yezimo eziphuthumayo, ukulawula ngesandla, kanye nokulawula kude kwekhompyutha. Ukuze kuphephe, ama-thermal relay ayengezwa ngaphakathi kumakhabhinethi ukuze kuvikelwe ugesi omningi/umthwalo omningi.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ama-motor ephampu alawulwa yi-VFD amabanga okugeleza okungeziwe angafinyeleleki ngamaphampu anesivinini esinqunyiwe. Ukusebenza kwe-VFD kufanele kugweme ububanzi obuphansi bomkhawulo ukuze kuvinjelwe izindawo ezifile kanye nokulawulwa okungekona okuqondile. Ukugeleza okuzinzile nge-MUT kudinga umehluko ozinzile wokucindezela kuyo yonke indawo. Ukulawula ukuzinza kokucindezela okuphezulu kuyisihluthulelo sokuqina kokugeleza. Ukulawulwa kokucindezela kwe-VFD kusebenzisa ama-algorithms e-PID; ukusebenza kwayo kunquma ngqo ukusebenza kohlelo. Ukusetshenziswa kungaba kanje:
Sebenzisa i-PLC njengomlawuli (isimiso esiboniswe ngezansi). Izinzuzo: impendulo esheshayo, isebenzisa ama-algorithm okulawula omkhiqizi we-VFD, ithuthukisa ukuthembeka kokulawula.
Ama-relay okushisa kukhabhinethi ye-VFD ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi/ukulayisha ngokweqile. Ama-VFD nawo asebenza njengeziqalisi ezithambile, evikela amaphampu kahle.
D. Isihlanzi/Isihlungi Somoya
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi uhlelo lokukala luyinqubo evulekile, indawo yokuhlola ingakhiqiza ukungcola namabhamuza ngesikhathi sokutholwa, okuholela emaphutheni okulinganisa kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona kumamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile nawe-MUT. Kufakwa isinciphisi/izihlungi zomoya ezinobukhulu obufanele endaweni yokuphuma yomkhumbi ozinzile ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kususwe igesi nokungcola epayipini, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhungo.
Yakha ngokunengqondo imininingwane, ubuningi, kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Isakhiwo segobolondo lesilinda esinevalvu yomoya ephezulu, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi engezansi, ikhatriji yesihlungi sangaphakathi, indawo yokuqoqa umoya, ipuleti lokudambisa, isikrini sesihlungi esinezimbobo. Izinto ezithintana nomphakathi: insimbi engagqwali engu-304; ezinye izingxenye: insimbi yekhabhoni ependiwe.
2.4.2Uhlelo Olujwayelekile Lwe-Metrological
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-metrological lwesikhungo lusebenzisa:
* Izikali ze-elekthronikhi ezinembile kakhulu njengereferensi ye-Gravimetric Method.
* Izilinganiso zokusebenza ezijwayelekile njengereferensi ye-Volumetric Method.
* Amamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile njengereferensi ye-Master Meter Method.
Kakhulukazi yakhiwe ngama-valve okuvala, ama-valve okulawula ukugeleza, i-diverter, isitsha sokulinganisa, isikali se-elekthronikhi esinembile kakhulu (noma isilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile), amapayipi okucubungula, njll.
A. Uhlelo Lokukala Isisindo Se-Gravimetric (Izikali Ze-elekthronikhi)
Uhlelo luvumela ukulinganiswa kwama-MUT ezindaweni zokugeleza eziphezulu nezincane. Izinhlelo ezahlukene zokulinganisa (izikali) zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokugeleza.
Isibonelo: Izinhlelo ezine zokulinganisa zihlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa:
* Iqembu 1: Isikali esingu-12000kg, isitsha esinesisindo esingu-12000L, i-DN300 diverter, umugqa wokucindezela emuva.
* Iqembu 2: isikali esingu-3000kg, isitsha esinesisindo esingu-3000L, i-DN100 diverter, umugqa wokucindezela emuva.
* Iqembu 3: isikali esingu-600kg, isitsha esinesisindo esingu-600L, i-DN50 diverter, umugqa wokucindezela emuva.
* Iqembu 4: Isikali esingu-120kg, isitsha esinesisindo esingu-120L, i-DN25 diverter, umugqa wokucindezela emuva.
Ipulatifomu yesikali iqukethe umzimba nohlaka olunesisindo, olunesivikelo sokulayisha ngokweqile kwenzwa, isikhombimsebenzisi sokuxhumana esijwayelekile (isb., i-RS232/RS485), esixhumeka kusibonisi sendawo noma ohlelweni lokulawula, olunomsebenzi we-tare ozenzakalelayo.
B. Isitsha Sokulinganisa
Izitsha zokulinganisa zibamba indawo yokuhlola ngesikhathi sokulinganisa i-Gravimetric. Isakhiwo: isitsha sensimbi engagqwali esiyindilinga esifanelana nosayizi wepulatifomu yesikali. Ubukhulu bodonga buhlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa kanye namandla, okuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuguquguquka lapho kusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Isibonelo: Izitsha ezine: 12000L, 3000L, 600L, 120L. Isikhathi sokukhipha amanzi kuzo zonke izitsha ≤40s.
Ifakwe inzwa yezinga, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi, ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi, njll., enemisebenzi efana nokuqapha izinga loketshezi, i-alamu ekhawulelwe kakhulu, ukugcwalisa okuvimbela ukuchitheka kwamanzi, kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngokushesha. Umklamo ucabangela isikhala namandla: insimbi engagqwali eyindilinga, igridi yomhlahlandlela wokugeleza okuphezulu, ipayipi/ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi engezansi; iziqinisi zokugeleza kwamanzi ezingaphakathi ezimise okwesiphambano ezihlanganisiwe ngokulinganayo ukuze kususwe amabhamuza kanye nokuzungeza okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza kwamanzi, okuhlinzeka ngokususwa komoya kanye nokuqina kokugeleza kwamanzi. Izinto: insimbi engagqwali engu-304.
C. Uhlelo Lokulinganisa Ivolumu (Izilinganiso Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile)
Yaklanywa, yakhiqizwa, futhi yakhethwa ngokuqinile ngokwe-JJG259-2005 "Umthetho Wokuqinisekisa Wezilinganiso Zensimbi Ezijwayelekile" ukuqinisekisa ukunemba, ukuzinza, kanye nokuthembeka kokulinganiswa kwemitha yokugeleza kwamanzi. Ivumela amaphuzu okugeleza aphezulu, aphansi, kanye naphakathi e-MUT. Iziteshi zokulinganisa ezahlukene (izilinganiso) zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokugeleza.
Isibonelo: Izindlela ezintathu zokusebenza ezijwayelekile:
* GBJ-10000L (uhlobo lokuphakama okukodwa), ibanga lokugeleza (300~1150) m³/h.
* GBJ-3000L (uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe: 1000L+2000L), ibanga lokugeleza (70~300) m³/h.
* GBJ-700L (uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe: 200L+500L), ibanga lokugeleza (0.9~70) m³/h.
Isikali siqukethe intamo yokulinganisa, ipayipi elilinganayo, isikali sentamo yokulinganisa, ikhoni ephezulu, umzimba oyisilinda, ikhoni engezansi, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi, ukuma, kanye nezingxenye zokulinganisa. Izinto ezithinta uketshezi: insimbi engagqwali engu-304.
Amavalvu okukhipha amanzi asebenza ngomoya, asebenza ngokuguquguquka, ukuvala kahle, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile.
D. Umshintshi
I-diverter iyisici esibalulekile ezindaweni zokugeleza koketshezi. Ishintsha ngokushesha indlela yokugeleza koketshezi, ifake ngokunembile uketshezi olugeleza nge-MUT lungene esitsheni esikalayo ngaphandle kokudlula phakathi nesikhathi esidingekayo. Kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kokungaqiniseki kwesikhungo.
I-diverter yethu yohlobo oluvulekile olusebenzisa umoya ngokwayo isebenzisa isakhiwo esivulekile, ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhungo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuchezuka noma ukugeleza okuphambukayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umthelela wokuguquguquka kwengcindezi ekugelezeni ngesikhathi sokuchezuka ekugelezeni okuphezulu uyinani elinqunyelwe.
I-Diverter ihambisana nomuntu ngamunye neziteshi zesikali (noma zokulinganisa). Ububanzi kanye nobuningi be-Diverter kuklanywe ngendlela efanele. Isenzo siwukunyakaza okulula, okuqondile kwe-axial, ukumelana okuphansi, isenzo esisheshayo, umehluko omncane wesikhathi sokuphambuka, ukuhlangabezana nemithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa efanele.
Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe: Isikhathi sokuphambuka kwe-single-stroke ≤200ms, umehluko wesikhathi sokuhamba sokuphambuka ≤20ms, ukungaqiniseki 0.02%, ingcindezi yomthombo womoya (0.4~0.6)MPa, izinto ezithintana nensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ephakathi nendawo.
E. Amamitha Okugeleza Ajwayelekile (Amamitha Ayinhloko)
Amamitha okugeleza kagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamamitha ayinhloko, ikilasi lokunemba ≤0.2, ukuphindaphindwa ≤0.06%. Lawa mamitha asebenza futhi njengezinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuqapha ukugeleza okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa kweGravimetric. Ngokuqapha ukugeleza okusheshayo kwemitha eyinhloko, imvamisa ye-VFD kanye nokuvulwa kwevalvu okulawulayo kuyalungiswa ukuze kufezwe ukugeleza okusheshayo okufunwayo epayipini. Ijubane lokugeleza elijwayelekile ngokuvamile liyi-(0.5~5) m/s, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugeleza kwesikhungo esiphezulu/min. Amamitha ayinhloko angalandelelwa ku-inthanethi ngendlela yeGravimetric, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka okunembile nokuthembekile ngenkathi kususwa umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokuqaqa/ukuhlanganisa kabusha ukuze kuqinisekiswe imitha.
2.4.3Uhlelo Lokuhlola Ukulinganisa Amapayipi
Kufaka phakathi iziteshi zokuhlola ukulinganisa, i-manifold, amamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile, amapayipi okucubungula, njll., ahlonyiswe ngama-transmitter okucindezela, ama-transmitter okushisa, ama-valve ebhola lomoya, ama-valve okulawula ukugeleza kagesi, amadivayisi okubopha imitha yomoya, ama-valve okukhipha amanzi empayipini, ama-valve okuvula umoya empayipini, izindlela zokuhlanza amapayipi, ibhentshi lokusebenza le-MUT, izisekelo zamapayipi, kanye neminye imishini nezinsimbi ezisizayo.
A. Iziteshi Zokuhlola Ukulinganisa
Ngokusekelwe ezimweni zesayithi lomsebenzisi, iziteshi eziningi zokuhlola ukulinganisa okuhleliwe zakhiwe ngendlela efanele, zihlelwe eceleni. Ububanzi besiteshi obujwayelekile: DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Amanye amasayizi angalinganiswa ngokushintsha amapayipi.
B. Izingxenye Zepayipi Eliqondile
Izingxenye zamapayipi aqondile okulinganisa aklanywe njenge-20D phezulu kanye ne-5D phansi kwe-MUT. Izingxenye eziphezulu/phansi komfula zinezindawo zokucindezela/zokushisa ezihlangabezana nezidingo zomthethonqubo ezifanele, zivaliwe ngokuthembekile, zenza kube lula ukulinganisa i-MUT.
Izinto zokwakha: ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali elingu-304. Ukuphambuka kobubanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga kuhambisana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke.
C. Ama-Spools
Lesi sikhungo sihlonyiswe ngama-spools anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bokulinganisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zobukhulu be-MUT. Ubukhulu be-spool benziwe ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi. Izinto zokwakha: insimbi engagqwali engu-304.
D. Idivayisi Yokubopha Imitha (Ijoyinti Yokwandisa)
Idivayisi yokubopha iyimishini ewusizo ebalulekile. Lesi sakhiwo sisebenzisa amadivayisi okubopha angaphandle angamasilinda amabili aqhutshwa ngomoya anomsebenzi wokulawula ngesandla. Lesi sakhiwo sinqoba ukushiyeka kokuvuza komoya/amanzi kwangaphakathi okungabonakali emizimbeni yamasilinda. Ubude bokushaywa buvumela amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza. Ububanzi kanye nobuningi kuklanyelwe ngokufanele ngesiteshi ngasinye sokubamba i-MUT.
Ingcindezi ejwayelekile: 1.6MPa, ukushaya okujwayelekile ≥200mm, ingcindezi yomoya (0.4~0.6)MPa, izinto ezithintana nensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
E. Abathumeli
a. Umthumeli Wokucindezela: Isigaba Sokunemba 0.075, i-MPE ±0.075%FS, Ibanga (0~1.0)MPa, Ukuphuma (4~20)mA, Amandla DC24V. Ngokuvamile amayunithi ama-3 afakwa kuma-manifold, noma achazwe ngumsebenzisi ngepayipi ngalinye.
b. Umthumeli Wezinga Lokushisa: Isigaba Sokunemba 0.2, i-MPE ±0.2°C, Ibanga (0~50)°C, Ukuphuma (4~20)mA, Amandla DC24V. Ngokuvamile amayunithi ama-3 afakwa kuma-manifold, noma achazwe ngumsebenzisi ngepayipi ngalinye.
Ama-valve e-F
a. Amavalvu Okuvala Umoya
Amavalvu okuvala ipayipi asebenzisa amavalvu ebhola eligcwele elinomoya we-O kanye namavalvu ebhabhathane ahamba ngomoya. Asebenza ngomoya ocindezelwe ukuze kuvulwe/kuvalwe ngokushesha ipayipi. Ingcindezi ejwayelekile yevalvu yebhola ingu-1.6MPa; Ingcindezi ejwayelekile yevalvu yebhabhathane ingu-1.0MPa. Ngokwezidingo zokulinganisa, ivalvu eyodwa yebhola elihamba ngomoya isethwe phezulu kwemitha yokugeleza ejwayelekile, phezulu kwe-diverter, kanye naphezulu/phansi kwe-MUT esiteshini ngasinye sokuhlola. Ivalvu eyodwa yebhabhathane ehamba ngomoya isethwe ekudonseni kwesitsha ngasinye esilinganisayo. Izinto eziyinhloko zevalvu: insimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma insimbi engagqwali egcwele.
b. I-Electric Flow Control Ball Valve
Iqapha ukugeleza okusheshayo kwemitha eyi-master ukuze ilungise imvamisa ye-VFD kanye nokuvulwa kwevalvu, ifinyelele izinga lokugeleza elidingekayo. Isebenzisa amavalvu ebhola kagesi alawula i-V-port, ukunemba okungu-1%, ingcindezi ejwayelekile engu-1.6MPa. Kufakwe eyodwa phansi kombhobho ngamunye wemitha eyi-master. Izinto eziyinhloko zevalvu: insimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma insimbi engagqwali egcwele.
c. Amavalvu Esandla Namavalvu Okuhlola
Amavalvu esango afakwe ngesandla phezulu kwembobo ngayinye yokumunca ipompo ukuze ahlukaniswe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Hlola amavalvu afakwe phansi kwembobo ngayinye yokukhuculula ipompo ukuze uvikele amaphampu esandweni samanzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Izinto eziyinhloko zevalvu yesango: 304 noma insimbi engagqwali egcwele. Hlola izinto zevalvu: insimbi engagqwali ephelele 304.
d. Amavalvu Esandla
Amavalvu okukhipha amanzi, amavalvu okungenisa umoya, kanye namavalvu okulawula indlela yokuhlanza abekwe kuphayiphi ngayinye yesistimu. Ukulawula ngesandla. Izinto: insimbi engagqwali engu-304.
e. Inqola Yokuhlola Ukulinganisa
Inqola yokuphakamisa enyakazayo yokuthutha, ukuzinzisa, ukusekela, nokufaka ama-MUT. Imininingwane kanye nobuningi kulungiselelwe ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi. Isiteji sinohlelo lokubeka phakathi oluqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwepayipi kanye nokususwa kwe-MUT okulula. Indawo yokufaka yakhelwe ukwamukela amamitha ahlukahlukene osayizi abakhethekile.
f. Ukusekelwa Kwepayipi
Izisekelo zamapayipi ezihambisanayo zinikezwa wonke amapayipi enqubo. Izisekelo ezinikezelwe zinikezwa i-diverter ngayinye. Izinto: insimbi yekhabhoni ependiwe.
2.4.4Uhlelo Lomthombo Womoya Wamandla
Inikeza umoya ocindezelwe wezingxenye zomoya esikhungweni, ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezijwayelekile. Izingxenye zomoya zisebenzisa izinhlobo zeklasi eliphezulu ukuze kuphephe, kuthembeke, futhi kusebenze kahle.
A. Isicindezeli Somoya
I-air compressor yohlobo lwe-piston ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela. Izinzuzo: ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza/ukulungiswa okulula, ibhalansi enhle eguquguqukayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile, efanelekile ezimweni ezahlukene zokusebenza.
B. Ithangi Lokwamukela Umoya
Ivolumu eklanywe kahle kanye nengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu ngokusekelwe enanini lamadivayisi asebenzisa umoya kanye nengcindezi yawo yokusebenza. Izinto zokwakha: insimbi yekhabhoni ependiwe. Ifakwe igeyiji yokucindezela, ivalvu yokuphepha egcwele i-spring, ivalvu yomoya, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi, amapayipi, kanye nokufakwa.
Ukuklama nokukhiqiza kuhambisana ne-GB150-2011 "Izitsha Zokucindezela Insimbi" kanye "Nemithethonqubo Yokuqapha Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Kwezitsha Zokucindezela". Kunikezwe imibhalo ephelele yokuphepha.
2.4.5Izingxenye Ezijwayelekile
Izingxenye ezijwayelekile (izindololwane, izinciphisi, ama-flange, izinamathiseli, ama-gasket, njll.) zinomfutho ojwayelekile ongu-≥1.0MPa. Izinto: insimbi engagqwali.
2.4.6Izingxenye Zepayipi
Izingxenye zamapayipi zisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali (304), umfutho ojwayelekile ≥1.0MPa. Amapayipi ahambisana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele. Ubude obusebenzayo, ubuningi, kanye nefomu lokufakwa kulungiselelwe ngokufanele ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwangempela kwesakhiwo.
2.5 Inqubo Yomsebenzi Wokulinganisa
2.5.1Vula ikhabhinethi yamandla, ikhabhinethi yokuqalisa ye-VFD, i-air compressor, ikhabhinethi yokulawula, ikhompyutha yezimboni (i-IPC), njll., ngokulandelana. Qinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwemishini nokusebenza okuvamile.
2.5.2Okokuqala, khetha ububanzi bepayipi lokulinganisa elihambisana nobubanzi be-MUT (linganisa amamitha obubanzi ahlukene ngokushintsha amapayipi). Beka i-MUT kuthreyi yebhentshi lokusebenzela noma ukuma kwe-V kwesiteshi sokuhlola ukulinganisa. Lungisa indlela yokuphakamisa i-hydraulic yebhentshi lokusebenzela ukuze uvumelanise ukuphakama okuphakathi kanye nokugxila kwe-MUT nepayipi elingaphezulu kanye nedivayisi yokwandisa i-pneumatic (clamping) engezansi. Bese ukhiya indlela yokusebenza ye-hydraulic.
2.5.3Ngemva kokufaka i-MUT, sebenzisa idivayisi yokubopha umoya usebenzisa i-valve yayo eqondisa ngesandla ukuze ubambe i-MUT nge-axial. Okokugcina, qinisa ukuxhumeka kwe-flange ye-MUT kuma-flange ephayiphi usebenzisa amabhawodi afanayo, uqinisekise ukuthi izivalo azivuzi. Lokhu kuqedela ukufakwa kwe-MUT. Buyisela emuva inqubo yokususa (Qaphela: Ngaphambi kokususa, vula i-valve yokukhipha iphayiphi ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka futhi ukhiphe amanzi; susa i-MUT kuphela ngemva kokuba indawo ikhishwe amanzi).
2.5.4Qala iphampu ehambisana nobubanzi bokugeleza (ilawulwa yi-VFD; lungisa imvamisa/isivinini sephampu ngesikhathi sokujikeleza ukuze ulethe ukugeleza kwephayiphi ngaphakathi kobubanzi obutholakalayo). Vula kancane kancane amavalvu ephayiphi akhethiwe. Lawula ukugeleza ngevalvu elawulayo kuze kube yilapho ukugeleza okuzinzile endaweni yokuhlola kufinyelelwa. Kulesi sigaba, i-diverter, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi esitsheni esilinganisayo, kanye namavalvu omugqa wokubuyisa asesimweni sokukhipha amanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi imishini isebenza kahle yini. Uma ingajwayelekile, lungisa inkinga bese ulungisa ngokwezincwadi zemishini ezifanele.
2.5.5Ngaphambi kokulinganisa okusemthethweni, hlola futhi ukuthi zonke izinsimbi zokushisa/ingcindezi kanye nezikali ziyasebenza yini. Indlela: Ngaphambi kokuba imishini isebenze, hlola ukuthi ukufundwa kwezinsimbi zokushisa kufanele kuhambisane noma kuvaliwe; ukufundwa kwezinsimbi zokucindezela kufanele kuhambisane noma kuvaliwe; izikali kufanele zihlukaniswe zibe yi-tar futhi zibekwe u-zero.
2.5.6Setha amapharamitha okulinganisa ku-interface yesofthiwe (bheka incwadi yesofthiwe yesistimu). Sebenzisa i-diverter ukushintsha indlela yokugeleza iye endaweni yokuhlola. Uketshezi lugeleza esitsheni sokulinganisa. Ngemva kokufinyelela isikhathi sokulinganisa esibekiwe, i-diverter ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kokuba uketshezi luzinzile esitsheni, qoqa idatha yesikali (isilinganiso esijwayelekile). Ikhompyutha iqopha idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo, bese ivula i-drain valve ukuze ikhiphe konke esitsheni.
2.5.7Ngemva kokukhipha amanzi nokuvuza okungenani imizuzwana engama-30, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo, bese i-diverter ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo, iqala ukugijima kwesibili kwalelo phuzu lokuhlola. Phinda umsebenzi kuze kube yilapho inani elidingekayo lokugijima kwalelo phuzu seliqediwe. Qhubeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze uqedele wonke amaphuzu okugeleza.
2.5.8Ngemva kokulinganisa, cisha amaphampu, amavalvu afanele, ikhabhinethi yokuqala ye-VFD, i-air compressor, ikhabhinethi yamandla, ikhabhinethi yokulawula, kanye ne-IPC ngokulandelana.
2.5.9Ishadi Lokugeleza Kokusebenza
2.6 Uhlelo Lokulinganisa Nokulawula Ikhompyutha
2.6.1Imisebenzi Yesistimu
Uhlelo lokulinganisa nokulawula lusebenzisa ikhompyutha njengeyunithi yokulawula ephakathi yokucubungula idatha. Ngokuhlanganisa ihadiwe nesofthiwe, ithola futhi icubungule ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha yokulinganisa (izinga lokushisa, ama-pressure transmitters, i-flow meter flow flow flow ejwayelekile, i-MUT flow, izikali); ilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphampu, ama-valve okuvala, ama-valve okulawula, ama-VFD, kanye nezingxenye zesistimu yokukala (i-diverter, i-drain valve); ilawula ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokugeleza; ishintsha izinqubo; futhi ibonise, igcine, futhi iphrinte imiphumela yokulinganisa, iqedele inqubo yokuqinisekisa i-metrological.
2.6.2Ukwakheka Kwehadiwe Yesistimu
2.6.2.1 Isilawuli Se-Logic Esihlelekayo (PLC) kanye Nezingxenyana
I-PLC isebenza njengomlawuli wezinga eliphansi. Imisebenzi ihlanganisa:
* Ukuphathwa kwesignali yenqubo, ukutholwa, ukuguqulwa kube amanani epharamitha e-IPC (<1ms isikhathi sokusampula).
* Ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuzenzakalelayo, ukulawula ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo.
* Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi.
Isebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-Siemens PLC, amamojula e-I/O, namamojula ekhawunta. Ifakwe kukhabhinethi yokulawula ezinikele ehambisana ne-IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92. Ifakwe amaswishi okukhiya kanye nezinkomba ze-alamu.
IKhabhinethi iphinde igcine izinto ezisetshenziswayo (amaswishi, ama-fuse, ama-relay, ama-contactor) ezisebenzisa izinhlobo zekhwalithi zasekhaya.
2.6.2.2Isikhathi Sokubhekisela Kokulinganisa
Kuthuthukiswe ngaphakathi, kubonisa isikhathi/ukubalwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompyutha esiyinhloko. Ukulinganiswa kwemvamisa okunwetshiwe ukungaqiniseki *U*=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2); ukulungiswa okuncane ≤0.001s. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulinganisa sigodliwe ngemiphumela emibili yokulinganisa isikhathi esiku-inthanethi kusetshenziswa imvamisa ejwayelekile.
Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe:
| Cha. | Into | Ipharamitha | Inothi |
| 1 | Ukuzinza kwe-Crystal Oscillator 8h | ≤1×10⁻⁶ |
|
| 2 | Ukungaqiniseki Okukhululiwe Okuphindaphindekayo | U=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2) |
|
| 3 | Isixazululo Esincane Sesikhathi | 0.001s |
|
2.6.2.3I-Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) kanye neSistimu Yokulawula
Isebenzisa izinhlelo ze-VFD ukulawula isivinini sephampu ukuze kulawulwe ukugeleza. Ama-VFD ayizingxenye eziyinhloko, afakwe kumakhabhinethi okuqala e-VFD kusetshenziswa ifomu lokuvala le-GGD, ngokuhambisana ne-IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92.
Uhlelo lwe-VFD lunemisebenzi yokumisa yendawo/ephuthumayo. Ukuqala/ukuyeka okuvamile kungaba yisilawuli esilawulwa kude sekhompyutha noma ngesandla (sendawo).
2.6.2.4Iyunithi Yokulawula Ephakathi
I-Advantech brand Industrial PC (IPC). Ukucushwa okuyinhloko:
| Cha. | Ukucushwa Kwehadiwe | Ipharamitha | Inothi |
| 1 | Ibhodi lomama | I-Advantech |
|
| 2 | I-CPU | I5 |
|
| 3 | Inkumbulo | 8G |
|
| 4 | Idiski Eqinile | 1TB + 120G SSD |
|
| 5 | Imonitha | Umbala we-LCD ongu-24" |
|
I-IPC iyona eyinhloko. Isebenzisa "i-Flow Measurement and Control Software", ithola idatha yasensimini evela ku-PLC, ilawula imiphumela yesistimu, iqondise izinqubo zokulinganisa, iphathe imicimbi, izinqubo/ibala idatha yokulinganisa, iveza/igcina amarekhodi/imibiko, futhi ivumela ukubuza/ukusekela idatha yomlando.
Isikrini se-IPC, igundane, kanye nekhibhodi kusebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu (i-HMI).
2.6.2.5Idivayisi Yokukhipha
Iphrinta eyodwa ye-laser ye-A4.
2.6.3Uhlelo Lwesofthiwe
Iqukethe "Isofthiwe Yokulinganisa Nokulawula Ukugeleza", "Isofthiwe Yokucubungula Idatha Yokulinganisa", "Uhlelo Lokucubungula Idatha Yokuxhumana" olusebenza ku-IPC; kanye "Nohlelo Lokulawula lwe-PLC" olusebenza ku-PLC.
2.6.3.1Ishadi Lokugeleza Komsebenzi Wesofthiwe
2.6.3.2Izikrini Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza Kwesofthiwe
2.6.3.3Imisebenzi Yesofthiwe Eyisisekelo
Ukuboniswa Kwenqubo Nokusebenza: Umdwebo wesimiso senqubo eguquguqukayo ubonisa isimo sokugeleza kokuhlola. Ukhombisa izimo zamapharamitha obunjiniyela ngesikhathi sangempela. Imisebenzi ihambisana nezindinganiso, imithethonqubo, kanye nezinqubo zikazwelonke; ukulawula okunembile nokuthembekile.
Ukuboniswa Kwesimo: Ibonisa amapharamitha ensimu yokugeleza kwephayiphi (izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ijubane, ukugeleza, njll.) kanye nesimo semishini ekubukeni kohlelo.
Abaphathi Bedatha Yomlandot: Ikhiqiza imibiko yokushintsha, yansuku zonke, yanyanga zonke, yonyaka yamapharamitha abalulekile kanye nesimo semishini. Imibiko ingaphrintwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma iphrintiwe ngesandla.
Ukuphathwa Kwemilayezo: Ibonisa ulwazi lwamaphutha ngokushintsha kombala, ama-pop-up, amathebula. Isetha ama-alamu omkhawulo wamapharamitha kanye nama-alamu amaphutha emishini.
Ukuphathwa Komsebenzisi/Kokuphepha: Inikeza amazinga okufinyelela amaningi anezidingo ezihlukene zokusebenza. Amazinga ephasiwedi ayadingeka ekusethweni kokuqala/kokumisa idivayisi yasensimini kanye nepharamitha ukuvimbela ukusebenza kabi.
Ukuphathwa Kwesistimu: Usungula/ugcina ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Uphatha abasebenzisi, uloba umlando wokungena/wokusebenza ukuze athole umbuzo kanye nokuphepha.
Londoloza futhi wenze isipele: Amandla okugcina nokulondoloza idatha yokuhlola namafayela ahlobene.
A. Imisebenzi Yokulawula
* Ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo yokulinganisa.
* Ukuqala/ukumisa iphampu kanye nokulawula imvamisa.
* Ukulawula ivalvu.
* Ukulawula ukushintshashintsha kwe-Diverter.
* Ukuvikelwa komkhawulo wesitsha.
* Ukulawulwa kokugeleza: kulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvulwa kwevalvu ngokusekelwe ekugelezeni kwephuzu lokuhlola.
B. Imisebenzi Yokuthola Idatha
* Izimpawu ze-analog ezitholwe ngamamojula anembayo ephezulu angu-16-bit.
* Amasignali okulawula aphathwa ngamamojula weprosesa ye-Boolean asheshayo (i-CPU ezimele, umjikelezo <1us) wokutholwa kwedatha okuhambisanayo.
* Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi.
* Ukulinganiswa kwedatha yokugeleza kwemitha ejwayelekile.
* Ukulinganiswa kwedatha yokugeleza kwe-MUT (4-20mA, i-pulse, njll.).
* Ukulinganisa idatha yesilinganiso.
* Impendulo yesignali yesikhundla se-valve.
C. Imisebenzi Yokucubungula Idatha
* Icubungula idatha yokulinganisa futhi ihlulele imiphumela ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke, imithethonqubo.
* Ivumela ukusetha okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba kwama-coefficients ajwayelekile okugeleza okusheshayo.
* Ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwamaphuzu okuhlola, inani lokugijima, izikhathi zokugijima (ngokuzenzakalela ngokwezindinganiso noma ezichazwe ngumsebenzisi).
* Igcina amarekhodi okuhlola kudathabheyisi ukuze ibuze, iphrinte, iguqule, futhi isuse njengoba kudingeka.
* Ikhiqiza imibiko yedatha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi iphatha idatha.
D. Imisebenzi Yokubonisa
Isibonisi senqubo yesithombe sokuqapha imishini ngesikhathi sangempela. Silingisa izimo zamavalvu asensimini, ukulawula ukuvulwa kwamavalvu, isimo sesignali ye-MUT, isimo sokugeleza, izinga lokushisa, isiqondiso sokushintsha, isimo samavalvu okukhipha amanzi, imvamisa ye-VFD, njll.
E. Imisebenzi Yokusebenza
Isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula esinokusebenza kwezithombe. Lawula ama-actuator asensimini ngokuchofoza kwegundane, anembile futhi alula.
F. Umsebenzi Wesithakathi
Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Wizard siqondisa abasebenzisi kuyo yonke inqubo yokulinganisa. Setha amapharamitha adingekayo/ulwazi lwe-MUT ngokweziqondiso. Imisebenzi elula iqeda ukulinganisa ngemva kokusetha. Ukulawula okulula nokusheshayo; kulula ukukufunda.
2.6.3.4Ukusetshenziswa Okuqondile Kwemisebenzi Eyinhloko
A. Ukuphatha i-MUT
Uhlelo lunganikeza ukunikezwa kwamandla e-MUT. Amasignali e-MUT afundwa ngamamojula e-PLC abala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugeleza okuqongelelekile. Ukuguqulwa kwesisindo/ivolumu, ukulungiswa kokugeleza kokufunda isikali, ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa/ingcindezi, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okudingekayo, kanye nemibiko kuphathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yisofthiwe ye-IPC.
Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, isikhombimsebenzisi sesofthiwe sidinga ukufakwa ngesandla kwamapharamitha e-MUT (isb., uhlobo lwesignali ngemenyu eyehlayo: i-analog current, i-pulse, akukho okukhiphayo). Ngemva kokukhetha, uhlelo luhambisa isignali ngokuzenzakalelayo esiteshini esifanele.
B. Ukuphathwa Kwamamitha Okuyinhloko
Amandla emitha eyi-Master ahlinzekwa uhlelo. Idatha etholwe ngokufunda kwe-pulse. Isofthiwe ikhomba ipayipi lokulinganisa ukuze ikhethe imitha eyi-master efanele. Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, i-PLC iqoqa ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-pulse aphelele ukuqinisekisa iphutha lokuthola ≤ ±1 i-pulse. Amamitha ayi-Master angazilinganisa ngokwawo ngezikhathi ezithile ku-inthanethi kusetshenziswa isikali se-elekthronikhi.
C. Ukutholwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Nokucindezela
Zonke izifudumezi/ama-transmitter asebenza ngesistimu. Ukunemba okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe. Isebenzisa amamojula e-A/D angu-16-bit anokunemba okuphezulu, isivinini, ukuhlunga kwedijithali, kanye nesinxephezelo.
D. Ukulawula iValve yokuvala kanye nokuphambukisa
Amandla nawo anikezwa uhlelo. Angalawulwa ngokuchofoza ihluzo/izinkinobho zesikrini noma ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokugeleza kwenqubo ngayinye. I-Diverter ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa; i-timer ezinikele iqopha isikhathi sokushintsha nesikhathi sokuhamba.
E. Ukulawula Ukulawulwa Kwevalvu
Ugesi wokulawula ohlinzekwa yi-D/A module. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni iphuzu lokugeleza. Ngokucindezela okuzinzile okuphezulu, ukuvulwa kwevalvu kuqondile ukuze kugeleze; ukuyilawula kufeza ukugeleza okudingekayo kokuhlolwa.
F. Ukutholwa Kwedatha Yesilinganiso
Amandla e-AC220V anikezwa uhlelo. Idatha etholwe ngokuxhumana kwe-RS485. Isofthiwe ingazikhethela ngokuzenzakalelayo ububanzi besikali obufanele ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokugeleza/sokulinganisa, noma umqhubi angazikhethela ngesandla ngesixhumi esibonakalayo.
Isifanekiso Sokuhlola se-G. Diverter
Kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa isikhathi sokushintshashintsha ngaphakathi kwalesi sikrini, kukhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha ehambisana nemithethonqubo. Idatha ingathunyelwa futhi igcinwe kusizindalwazi.
Isifanekiso Sokuhlola Ukuzinza sika-H.
Kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa ukuzinza kokugeleza ngaphakathi kwalesi sikrini, kukhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha ehambisanayo. Idatha ingathunyelwa futhi igcinwe.
2.6.3.5Isofthiwe Yokuthuthukisa Uhlelo Lokulawula
Isofthiwe yokulawula yezinga eliphezulu (IPC) yathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokucushwa. Uhlelo lokulawula lwezinga eliphansi (PLC) luhlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwesofthiwe yokucushwa. Lunikeza i-HMI, ukugqwayiza okunezithombe kwesimo sesistimu, ukulawula okunembile. Lunezici ezinhle zokuhambisana kwehadiwe kanye nemisebenzi enamandla. Luthuthukiswe ngokushesha, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, isikhombikubona esinobungane.
Uhlelo lokucubungula idatha yokulinganisa lwakhiwe kusetshenziswa ikhodi yokulawula ye-Microsoft Office Excel VBA. Isizindalwazi se-Microsoft SQL Server sigcina idatha yokulinganisa. Uhlelo lokubika olusekelwe ku-Excel lukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo imibiko futhi luphathe idatha.
Ukuboniswa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela, ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo, kusindisa imiphumela kanye nedatha eluhlaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngesandla ukuqinisekisa ukunemba. Igcina amarekhodi kusizindalwazi ukuze ibuzwe, iphrinte, iguqule, isuse.
Uhlelo lwesevisi yokuxhumana kwedatha lwakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-VB 6.0 SP6 yokuxhumana ngezikali nezinye izinsimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa Nokugcinwa Kwesofthiwe: Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukuyinakekela. Ihlinzeka ngezithuthukisi zesikhathi eside ukuze ivumelane nezinguquko ezindinganisweni/imithethonqubo noma izidingo zomsebenzisi.
2.7 Izinqubo Zokunakekela
2.7.1Ukulungiswa Kwephampu Yokhiye
2.7.1.1Landela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza kwephampu zokuqala, ukugijima, nokumisa. Gcina amarekhodi okusebenza.
2.7.1.2Hlola igrisi ezindaweni zokugcoba ngokushintshwa ngakunye ngokuqhathanisa nezimiso. Sebenzisa ngokuqinile.
2.7.1.3Hlola izinga lokushisa lamabhereyitha: ≤ izinga lokushisa elizungezile + 35°C; izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamabhereyitha elijikelezayo ≤75°C; izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamabhereyitha elinomkhono ≤70°C. Hlola ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lenjini ngokushintshwa ngakunye.
2.7.1.4Hlola njalo ukuvuza kwesivalo somgodi: Isivalo sokupakisha ~ amaconsi ayi-10/min; Isivalo somshini: akukho ukuvuza.
2.7.1.5Qaphela umfutho wephampu, ugesi wenjini (ojwayelekile/ozinzile) ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lalela umsindo/ukungahambi kahle. Lungisa izinkinga ngokushesha.
2.7.2Ukulungiswa Kwesistimu Yokulawula
2.7.2.1Hlanza njalo uthuli oluvela kwikhabhinethi yokulawula KUPHELA ngemva kokuba ugesi ucishiwe.
2.7.2.2UNGASEBENZISI ikhompyutha yesikhungo se-inthanethi noma izinhlelo ezingahlobene. Sebenzisa njalo ama-virus scan bese ubuyekeza isofthiwe ye-antivirus.
2.7.2.3Uma ufaka kabusha i-OS, lungisa idatha kuqala ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka.
2.7.2.4Qinisekisa ukuthi ugesi uzinzile futhi izintambo zicacile ohlelweni lokulawula.
2.7.3Ukulungiswa Kwedivayisi Yokubopha Umoya
2.7.3.1Ngemva kokusebenzisa isikhathi eside, gcoba ishubhu yokwandisa ngamafutha enjini.
2.7.3.2Uma usebenza kwelinye ipayipi, VALA amavalvu okuhambisa umoya kwamanye amapayipi ukuze uvimbele amanye ama-clamp ukuthi athwale umthwalo, okuthinta isikhathi sokuphila.
2.7.3.3Ngaphambi komsebenzi, hlola imigqa yomoya ukuthi ayivimbekile noma ayivuzi. Khipha amanzi aqongelelekile njalo emigqeni.
2.7.4Ukulungiswa Kwethangi Lamanzi
Hlanza ithangi njalo, shintsha amanzi ukuze uvimbele amaphampu okonakalisa imfucuza. Yenza ukwelashwa kwangaphakathi kokulwa nokugqwala/ukugqwala minyaka yonke noma ngokusekelwe ekhwalithini yamanzi.
2.7.5Ukulungiswa Kwe-Air Eliminator/Filter
Kubalulekile ekususeni igesi nokuhlunga. Hlanza njalo isici sesihlungi sangaphakathi: Susa amabhawodi angaphezulu okuxhumanisa, vula i-flange ephezulu, susa isihlungi, hlanza udoti esikrinini, shintsha, hlanganisa i-flange kabusha.
2.7.6Ukulungiswa Kwegumbi Lokulawula kanye Negumbi Lephampu
2.7.6.1Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa/umswakama wegumbi uyahlangabezana nezidingo. Gcina womile futhi uhlanzekile.
2.7.6.2Vimbela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi egumbini lokupompa. Hlanza njalo.
2.7.6.3HLALA UVALA ugesi oyinhloko ngaphambi kokuhlanza, ukuhlanza, noma ukuhlola ukuze ugweme ukushaqeka kukagesi nokulimala.
Qaphela: Gcina imishini yokusiza ezimele ngokwezincwadi zabo.
2.8 Izinqubo Zokusebenza Zokuphepha
2.8.1Thuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngokuphepha. Ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe kunciphisa izingozi. Ukuqinisa ukuqwashisa, ukuhlonza izingozi, ukwazi nokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphepha yizona kuphela izindlela zokuqeda izingozi.
2.8.2UNGAPHULI imithetho. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kuqala ngaphambi kwezingozi; izingozi zivela ekuphulweni kwemithetho. Ukusika amakhona ukuze kube lula, isivinini, noma umzamo kungaholela enhlekeleleni. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kumele kuqedwe.
2.8.3Finyelela ngempela "Izinto Ezintathu Ezingakulimazi": Ungazilimazi; Ungazilimazi abanye; Ungazilimazi abanye. Lokhu kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kokuphepha.
2.8.4Landela ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yendawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingozi zokuphepha ziqoke abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo.
2.8.5Abaqhubi KUMELE baqeqeshwe ngaphambi kokusebenza. Kumelwe bafunde futhi baqonde kahle imithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa kazwelonke, imininingwane yokulinganisa, kanye nezincwadi NGAPHAMBI kokuba baqinisekiswe ukusebenza.
2.8.6I-calibration medium ingamanzi ahlanzekile. Shintsha amanzi ngokusekelwe ekungcoleni ukuze uvimbele umonakalo wephampu kanye nemitha ejwayelekile obangela izingozi.
2.8.7Umkhumbi oqinisayo uwumkhumbi ocindezelayo. UNGASHAYIKI noma ushintshe. Gcina abasebenzi KUDE ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
2.8.8Uma ufaka/ususa i-MUT, yibeke kahle. UNGALINGE ufake iminwe ezixhumini noma uzwe izimbobo zezikulufo. Bamba ama-spacer ezinhlangothini uma ubeka/ususa.
2.8.9Ngemva kokufakwa/ukuqalwa, UNGAQHAQHAZI ngasese ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izingxenye.
2.8.10UNGAYITHATHI indawo ye-host yekhompyutha ngokungenanjongo. UNGALINGI uyisebenzisele i-inthanethi noma izinhlelo ezingahlobene. Skena njalo ama-virus bese ubuyekeza i-antivirus.
2.8.11UNGALOKOTHI uxhume noma unqamule noma iyiphi i-terminal noma i-plug exhunywe ngogesi.
2.8.12UNGAWASUSI amafayela okusekelayo esistimu yokusebenza.
2.8.13Uma usebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe, hlola njalo izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya kanye nama-valve okuphepha ukuze uvimbele ukuvalwa kwezindawo zokungenisa umoya okubangela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile emathangini/emigqeni.
2.8.14Khomba ama-nozzle omoya ezindaweni ezingenabantu, phansi, noma esibhakabhakeni. UNGALOKOTHI ukhombe imishini, abasebenzi, izindlela, noma iminyango.
2.8.15HLALA UVALA ugesi oyinhloko ngaphambi kokuhlanza, ukuhlanza, noma ukuhlola. Kuvimbela ukukhululeka kwezingxenye, ukushaqeka kukagesi, kanye nokulimala.
2.8.16Ngaphambi kokuhamba nsuku zonke, abaqhubi KUMELE bahlole ukuthi iminyango/amafasitela kanye nogesi kuvaliwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwendawo.
2.9 Ukusebenza Nokugcinwa Kwekhabhinethi Yokuguqula Imvamisa
2.9.1Ukusetshenziswa: Okokuqala hlola ikhabhinethi ukuthi ayinazo yini imisindo/amaphunga angavamile. Uma kulungile, VULA iswishi yesekethe yokulawula eyinhloko (VULA). Ukukhanya kwenkinobho eluhlaza (VULA) kukhabhinethi kuyakhanya, kuqalisa ifeni, ukukhanya kwenkinobho ebomvu nakho kuyakhanya. Manje ukuqala/ukumisa ipompo kungalawulwa ngekhompyutha. I-Voltmeter ikhombisa ~380V, i-ammeter ikhombisa amandla okusebenza.
2.9.2Ukuqala Kokupompa: Kumelwe kuqale kumodi ye-VFD. Sebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sekhompyutha ukulungisa ukuphuma kwe-VFD ukushintsha isivinini senjini.
2.9.3UNGALOKOTHI ubeke ngqo imvamisa ye-VFD ibe phezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ugesi wokungena uphezulu kakhulu, okungalimaza imishini.
2.9.4Ukuvala: Qala umise wonke ama-motor ngekhompyutha. BESE ucindezela inkinobho ebomvu (YOKUVULA) ekhabetheni kuze kube yilapho wonke ama-red ekhanya. Ekugcineni, vala iswishi yommese oyinhloko.
2.9.5Inkinobho yokukhetha ngesandla/ngokuzenzakalela kanye namaqembu enkinobho yokuqala/yokuma ye-VFD/line frequency ekhabhinethi AKUNCONYWA ekulinganisweni okuvamile. Yenzelwe ukulungiswa kwemishini kanye nokulungisa amaphutha ephampu KUPHELA.
Uma ukulungisa amaphutha kudinga ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-VFD (kusethwe kumodi yokulawula iphaneli), bheka ibhukwana le-VFD.
2.9.6Ikhabhinethi kagesi kanye nama-motor ephampu KUMELE ahlolwe njalo ngochwepheshe. Landela izinqubo zokuhlola izingxenye zikagesi njalo. Shintsha izingxenye ezonakele ngokushesha. Qinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile. Abaqhubi KUMELE balandele izinqubo. Qinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu!
2.10 Incwadi Yokulungisa Imishini
Le ncwadi ichaza imijikelezo yokulungisa, okuqukethwe, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga zesikhungo. Isebenza njengereferensi kubaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi bokulungisa. Imithombo ihlanganisa:
(1) Izincwadi ezihambisana nemishini;
(2) Imithethonqubo kanye nemininingwane yokulinganisa ukugeleza okufanele;
(3) Izincwadi zokubhekisela zobuchwepheshe bokulungisa nokucubungula imishini.
2.10.1Umjikelezo Wokulungisa
Kungalungiswa ngokusekelwe ekuqapheni isimo kanye nesimo semishini.
Ithebula Lomjikelezo Wokulungisa:
| Into Yokulungisa | Uhlobo Lokulungisa | Ukulungiswa Okuncane | Ukulungiswa Okukhulu |
| Iphampu ye-Centrifugal | Umjikelezo | Izinyanga ezingu-8~12 | Izinyanga ezingu-12~24 |
| Isicindezeli Somoya | Umjikelezo | ||
| Imishini Yokucubungula | Umjikelezo | ||
| Uhlelo Lokulawula | Umjikelezo |
2.10.2Okuqukethwe Kokulungisa Nokulungisa
2.10.2.1Iphampu ye-Centrifugal
A. Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Nokulungisa
| Inkinga | Imbangela Engaba Khona | Ikhambi |
| Iphampu ayiqali | Uxhumano luphazanyisiwe | Hlola izintambo, lungisa uma kudingeka |
| Ifusi iqhumile | Shintsha i-fuse | |
| Ukuvikelwa kwemoto kukhubekile | Hlola izilungiselelo zokuvikela, lungisa uma zingalungile | |
| Ukuvikelwa kwemoto akushintshi, iphutha lokulawula | Hlola ukulawula ukuvikelwa kwemoto, lungisa uma kungalungile | |
| Injini ayiqali/iqala kanzima | I-voltage/imvamisa iphansi kakhulu ku-spec | Thuthukisa ukunikezwa kwamandla, hlola isigaba sekhebula |
| Isiqondiso sokuzungeza esingalungile | Iphutha lokuxhumeka kwenjini | Shintsha izigaba ezimbili |
| Ukulahlekelwa isivinini okukhulu ngaphansi komthwalo | Ukulayisha ngokweqile | Kala amandla, sebenzisa injini enkulu noma wehlise umthwalo uma kudingeka |
| Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi | Khulisa isigaba sekhebula | |
| Umsindo wemoto, ugesi ophezulu | Iphutha lokugoba | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe ngobungcweti |
| Ukuhlikihla kwe-Rotor | ||
| Ifusi iqhuma ngokushesha / Ukuhlasela kwe-Prot | Isekethe emfushane | Isekhethi esifushane esifanele |
| Isekethe emfushane yemoto | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe ngobungcweti | |
| Iphutha lokuxhuma izintambo | Isekethe efanele | |
| Iphutha lomhlabathi wenjini | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe ngobungcweti | |
| Injini ishisiwe kakhulu (ilinganisiwe) | Ukulayisha ngokweqile | Kala amandla, sebenzisa injini enkulu noma wehlise umthwalo uma kudingeka |
| Ukupholisa okubi | Thuthukisa ukuhamba komoya opholile, hlanza imigodi yomoya, engeza ifeni ephoqelelwe uma kudingeka | |
| Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu | Hlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elivunyelwe | |
| Ukuxhumeka okuxegayo (ukulahlekelwa yisigaba) | Ukuxhumana okungalungile okulungile | |
| Ifusi iqhumile | Thola/lungisa imbangela (bheka ngenhla), shintsha i-fuse |
B. Ukulungiswa Kwemishini: Kufana Nesigaba2.7.1
2.10.2.3Imishini Yokucubungula (Ama-Clamps, i-Diverter, ama-Valve)
A. Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Nokulungisa
| Inkinga | Imbangela Engaba Khona | Ikhambi | |
| I-clamp enzima ukuyiqala | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Hlola ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Amandla okubopha anganele | |||
| Indawo yokumisa ayizinzile | I-valve esetshenziswa ngesandla ayisebenzi ngokugcwele | ||
| Ukugcotshwa kwamapayipi okungekuhle | Faka uwoyela nge-inlet yomoya yesilinda | ||
| Isilinda yonakele | Hlola bese ushintsha | ||
| Isivinini se-clamp sishesha kakhulu/sihamba kancane | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Lungisa ivalvu ye-throttle yokungena | |
| Umfutho womoya ophezulu | Lungisa ivalvu ye-throttle yokungena | ||
| Isilinda yonakele | Hlola bese ushintsha | ||
| Ukuphambukisa kunzima ukuqala | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Hlola ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Isivinini sokushintsha kancane | |||
| Indawo yokushintsha ayifinyelelwanga | Hlola i-valve ye-solenoid, ukulungisa | ||
| Ukugcotshwa kwamapayipi okungena okungekuhle | Faka uwoyela nge-inlet yomoya yesilinda | ||
| Isilinda yonakele | Hlola bese ushintsha | ||
| Isikhathi sokuphambukisa siyahluka ngaphandle kwencazelo | Ukushintsha kwesobunxele/kwesokudla akuvumelani | Lungisa amachweba okukhipha i-solenoid valve | |
| Isivikelo se-Photoelectric asibekwanga kwesokudla | Hlola futhi ulungise indawo yesivikelo | ||
| I-valve kunzima ukuyiqala | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Hlola ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Isivinini sokushintsha kancane | |||
| Umoya ovuzayo wesilinda se-Actuator | Shintsha izivalo | |
| I-valve ye-solenoid ayisebenzi | Ukuhlola nokulungisa |
B. Ukulungiswa Kwemishini: Ngesigaba ngasinye2.7.3 kanye2.8.13.
2.10.2.4Uhlelo Lokulawula
A. Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Nokulungisa
| Inkinga | Imbangela Engaba Khona | Ikhambi |
| Iphutha Lekhompyutha | Ikhompyutha ayisebenzi | Ukuhlola nokulungisa |
| Ikhebula livuliwe noma ukuxhumana okubi | Hlola futhi ushintshe ikhebula | |
| Itheminali ivuliwe noma ukuxhumana okubi | Shintsha i-terminal | |
| Isofthiwe yesistimu yonakele | Faka kabusha uhlelo ngemva kokusazisa | |
| Ayikho Idatha Yethuluzi | Ukuxhumeka kwekhabhathi yokulawula izinsimbi kuvuliwe/akulungile | Hlola izintambo kanye nama-fuse Shintsha i-terminal noma i-fuse Shintsha i-transmitter |
| Akukho Ukubonisa Kwezinga Lokushisa/Ukucindezela | I-Temp/Pressure Tx-Control cab ivuliwe/ingasebenzi kahle | |
| Iphutha Lamandla Esiginali | Imojula yamandla noma ikhebula linephutha | Shintsha imojuli noma ikhebula |
| I-Control Cab Ayiphenduli | Imbobo yekhebhi yokulawula noma ikhebula lonakele | Shintsha i-terminal ye-cab noma ikhebula |
- Ukulungiswa Kwesistimu Yokulawula:
- Susa uthuli njalo ekhabhinethini yokulawula uma ugesi unqanyuliwe.
- Ungasebenzisi ikhompyutha yale mishini ukufinyelela i-inthanethi noma ukufaka noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezingahlobene nomsebenzi; yenza ukuskena amagciwane ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ugcine isofthiwe ye-antivirus ibuyekeziwe.
- Uma ufaka kabusha uhlelo, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina idatha elungisiwe ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka kwedatha yokuqinisekisa.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula luhlinzeka ngogesi ozinzile kanye nezifunda ezingaphazanyiswa.
- Hlola njalo izintambo zesignali kuphaneli ye-I/O yekhabhinethi yokulawula. Qinisa noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okuxegayo nge-screwdriver enekhanda eliyisicaba.
- Qinisekisa njalo ukuthi amaswishi/ama-knobs kuphaneli yokulawula ajikeleza ngokujwayelekile. Uma kwenzeka ukushelela, hlola izikulufo zokulungisa ezikhululekile bese uziqinisa; zishintshe uma zonakele.
- Sula ugesi ozinzile kusuka ku-earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) njalo ngenyanga.
2.10.2.5Ukuhlolwa Nokwamukelwa
A. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokuhlolwa: Qinisekisa ukuqedwa kokulungiswa, ikhwalithi, amarekhodi; indawo ihlanzekile; amathuluzi/ukulawula/ukuvala kulungisiwe; uhlelo lwamafutha lugcwele; uhlelo lomoya luvaliwe/lukhishwe amanzi; uhlelo lukagesi lulungisiwe/lusebenza; amathuluzi alungile.
B. Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza: Ukuhlolwa okungenamthwalo; qinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zikawoyela/zamanzi/zomoya/zikagesi/zezinsimbi zivamile; ukusebenza amahora angama-72 ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngaphambi kokwamukelwa; ukwamukelwa kusayinwe ngabasebenzi abafanele.