Isikhungo Esijwayelekile Sokugeleza Kwamanzi I-LJS Uhlobo Lokugeleza Kwamanzi Indlela Ejwayelekile Yesikhungo I-Static Gravimetric Method + Indlela Yevolumu Emile + Indlela Yemitha Eyinhloko
1. Incazelo
Uhlobo lwe-LJS Indawo Ejwayelekile Yokugeleza Kwamanzi (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi Isikhungo) iyithuluzi lokulinganisa elikhethekile elidingwa yimithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa imithamo. Isebenzisa izikali zikagesi ezinemba okuphezulu (izinga eliyinhloko), izilinganiso zensimbi ezijwayelekile (izinga eliyinhloko), namamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile (izinga lesibili) njengamathuluzi okubhekisela. Isebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile njengendawo yokulinganisa, futhi ngokusekelwe emithethweni efanele yokuqinisekisa kazwelonke kanye nezidingo zokulinganisa imitha ehlolwayo (MUT), iqinisekisa ngokuqhubekayo, ilinganisa, futhi ihlola amamitha okugeleza kwe-MUT phakathi nezikhawu zesikhathi esifanayo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu iminyango kazwelonke yokuqondisa ubuchwepheshe be-metrology ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokomthetho okokuqala ngqa kanye ngezikhathi ezithile kwamathuluzi, kanye nokulamula kwezomthetho nezombango. Isebenza futhi njengezinga lokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi ezimbonini ezifana ne-petroleum namakhemikhali, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa ukugeleza okuhlakaniphile ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ukuqondisa kobuchwepheshe be-metrology, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamamitha agelezayo, okuhlinzeka ngokumiswa okubanzi nokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokudluliswa kwenani ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokulinganisa kanye nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lochwepheshe lokuqinisekisa i-metrological yabasebenzi, lolu hlaka lokuqeqeshwa lwakhiwe ngokukhethekile. Abasebenzi abenza umsebenzi wokulinganisa wesikhungo kulindeleke ukuthi bawuthathe ngokungathí sina, bawufunde ngenkuthalo, futhi baphumelele kulesi sifundo.
Isikhungo sihlanganisa izindlela zokulinganisa eziningi: Indlela ye-Static Gravimetric, Indlela Yevolumu Emile, kanye Nendlela Yemitha Eyinhloko. Le ndlela ehambisanayo yezindlela eziningi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulinganisa kwesikhungo kanye nezinga lobuhlakani, ivumele ukulinganisa ku-inthanethi noma ukuqinisekiswa kwamamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile, kanye nokulinganisa noma ukuqinisekiswa kwamamitha ahlukahlukene okugeleza kwamanzi.
I-Static Gravimetric Method isebenzisa isikali se-elekthronikhi esinembe kakhulu njengesithenjwa. Inquma izinga lokugeleza ngokukala isamba sesisindo soketshezi olugeleza esitsheni esikalayo phakathi nesikhathi esimisiwe bese siqhathanisa nokugeleza kwesisindo esibalwe sisuka ku-MUT, ngaleyo ndlela sinquma ukunemba nokuphindaphinda kwe-MUT. Izikali ze-elekthronikhi zinikeza ukunemba okuphezulu; le ndlela ingakwazi ukufeza ukunemba okungu-± 0.05% futhi ifaka izinzuzo ezifana nomthombo wokugeleza kwengcindezi njalo, ukugeleza okuzinzile, nokunemba kokulinganisa okuphezulu.
I-Static Volumetric Method isebenzisa ukulinganisa kwensimbi okujwayelekile njengereferensi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Static Gravimetric Method, iphinda ihlanganise umthombo wokugeleza kwengcindezi eqhubekayo, ukugeleza okuzinzile, nokunemba kwesilinganiso esiphezulu. Nokho, ukuze kutholwe ukugeleza okukhulu, i-Static Volumetric Method idinga izinyathelo eziningi zensimbi ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa. Ukukhiqiza izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zensimbi kunzima uma kuqhathaniswa, isikhathi sokulinganisa side, futhi ukunemba okukhulu okungafezwa ngu-±0.1%.
I-Master Method Method isebenzisa imitha yokugeleza enembayo njengethuluzi eliyinkomba ukuhlola i-MUT. Amamitha okugeleza okunemba okuphezulu asetshenziswa ngokuvamile angafinyelela ukunemba kokulinganisa okungu-±0.2%. Ukuze kulinganiswe amamitha agelezayo okusebenza ajwayelekile, le ndlela yokuqinisekisa ilula, ilula, futhi iyonga.
Indlela yokuqinisa ingcindezi yesikhungo ihlanganisa umkhumbi ozinzile kanye nokulawulwa kwe-variable frequency drive (VFD). Ngokulawula isivinini se-VFD ukuze ulawule isivinini sepompo, ukugeleza kokuphumayo kwendawo yokulinganisa kuyaqiniswa. Ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe ngomkhumbi oqinisayo kulawula ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yokuhamba phakathi kuka-0.2%. Ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwesistimu kuhlanganisa ama-valve alawulayo kanye nokulawula kwe-pump motor VFD, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula ukugeleza kwamadayimitha amapayipi ahlukahlukene kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esistimu.
Isikhungo sonke silawulwa yi-computer automation okulekelelwa ngokusebenza mathupha. Inika amandla ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo nokutholwa kwedatha kuso sonke isikhungo, njengokufundwa kwesikali se-elekthronikhi, ukufundwa kokulinganisa okujwayelekile, ukufundwa kwamamitha okugeleza okujwayelekile, ukufundwa kwe-MUT, isilawuli se-diverter, isidluliseli somfutho, isidlulisi sezinga lokushisa, ivalvu elawula ukugeleza, nokulawulwa kwe-VFD nokutholwa kwedatha. Ingenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulinganisa kwephuzu elilodwa, amaphuzu amathathu, amaphuzu amahlanu, kanye namaphuzu amaningi, nemisebenzi yokugcina idatha ezenzakalelayo, umbuzo, ukuphrinta imiphumela yokulinganisa, nezitifiketi zokulinganisa. Indlela yokuqinisa ingcindezi isebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-VFD nezindlela zokuzinzisa umkhumbi ngokusekelwe ebangeni lokugeleza. Ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwesistimu kuhlanganisa ama-valve alawulayo kagesi kanye nokulawula kwe-pump motor VFD, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula ukugeleza kwamadayamitha ahlukahlukene kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesistimu.
Abasebenzisi bangakhetha indlela ethile yokulinganisa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwemitha okufanele ilinganiswe, imikhawulo yesayithi, izimo zomnotho, njll., noma bahlanganise izindlela ezimbalwa zokwakha indawo ehambisanayo evamile.
Idizayini yesikhungo ithobelana namazinga kazwelonke we-metrology, imithethonqubo, kanye nokucaciswa:
● I-JJG 164-2000 Isikhungo Esijwayelekile Sokugeleza Koketshezi
● I-JJG 643-2024 I-Master Meter Method Flow Standard Facility
● JJG 162-2019 Amamitha Amanzi Aphuzwayo Abandayo
● JJG 257-2007 Float Flowmeters
● I-JJG 640-2016 I-Differential Pressure Flowmeters
●JJG 667-2010 I-Liquid Positive Displacement Flowmeters
● JJG 1029-2007 Vortex Flowmeters
●JJG 1030-2007 Ultrasonic Flowmeters
● I-JJG 1033-2007 I-Electromagnetic Flowmeters
● JJG 1037-2008 Turbine Flowmeters
●JJG 1038-2008 Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
2. Okuqukethwe Okuyinhloko
2.1 Amapharamitha Ezobuchwepheshe Abalulekile
2.1.1Izindlela Zokulinganisa: Indlela Ye-Gravimetric Emile + Indlela Yevolumu Emile + Indlela Yemitha Eyinhloko.
2.1.2Ukungaqiniseki Okunwetshiwe Kwesikhungo:
* Indlela Ye-Gravimetric Emile: 0.05% (*k*=2) Isikhawu sesikali sokuqinisekisa isikali se-elekthronikhi e=1/6000;
* Indlela Yevolumu Emile: 0.2% (*k*=2) Isilinganiso sokusebenza esijwayelekile iphutha eliphezulu elivumelekile: ≤±0.5×10⁻³; uma kusetshenziswa izilinganiso zensimbi ezijwayelekile ze-Class II, Indlela ye-Static Volumetric ingaba ngu-0.15% (*k*=2);
* Indlela Yemitha Eyinhloko: 0.3% (*k*=2) Ukungaqiniseki kwemitha yokugeleza evamile 0.2% (*k*=2).
2.1.3Ukuzinza Kokugeleza: ≤0.2%.
2.1.4Ibanga Lokugeleza: (0.02 ~ 5000) m³/h (noma ububanzi bokugeleza obushiwo umsebenzisi).
2.1.5Imininingwane ye-MUT: Ububanzi DN4 ~ DN600 (noma ububanzi obushiwo ngumsebenzisi).
2.1.6Iziteshi Zokuhlola Ukulinganisa: Amaqembu amaningi angasethwa, ngamapayipi okuhlola ukulinganisa abekiwe ahambisanayo. Amadayamitha esiteshi sokulinganiswa ajwayelekile yi-DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Amanye amamitha okugeleza okucacisiwe angalinganiswa ngokushintsha amapayipi.
2.1.7Izinhlobo zama-MUTs: Amamitha okugeleza kwe-Turbine, amamitha okugeleza kwe-vortex, amamitha okugeleza kagesi, amamitha okugeleza kwe-ultrasonic, amamitha okugeleza kwesivinini, amamitha okugeleza komfutho ohlukile, amamitha okugeleza alungile oketshezi, amamitha okugeleza kwe-Coriolis, njll.
2.1.8Izimpawu ze-MUT: Isignali ye-Pulse (imvamisa), yamanje (4~20)mA, ukuxhumana kwedijithali kwe-RS485, akukho siginali (ukufundwa okuqondile), njll.
2.1.9I-Calibration Medium: Amanzi ahlanzekile.
2.1.10Ingcindezi Yokusebenza: (0.2 ~ 1.0) MPa (ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi).
2.1.11Ukunikezwa kwamandla Kunikeziwe: DC (5V, 12V, 24V)/1A, AC220V/10A.
2.1.12Indlela yokulawula:
Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, indawo isebenza ngaphansi kokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kokusebenza okudingekile okwenziwa ngesandla (ukufaka i-MUT, ukuvula/ukuvala ama-valve okwenziwa ngesandla), imisebenzi esele yokulinganisa igcwaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokulawula ikhompuyutha.
2.1.13Izinto zesikhungo:
Izingxenye ezixhumene nendawo yokuhlola zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Ezinye izingxenye zenziwe nge-carbon steel ene-pended finish.
2.1.14Indawo Yelabhorethri Yesikhungo (Sinikezwe Umsebenzisi):
Yonke indawo yakhiwe ngendlela efanele ukuze konge indawo futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zaselabhorethri.
2.1.15Ukwamukelwa kwesikhungo:
Ukwemukelwa kokugcina kwayo yonke indawo kwenziwa isikhungo sikazwelonke se-metrology esiqokwe umsebenzisi. Bazohlola, bahlole, futhi bakhiphe umbiko wokuqinisekisa/wokulinganisa (isitifiketi). Lo mbiko (isitifiketi) usebenza njengedokhumenti eyinhloko yokwamukela.
Amanye amayunithi okulinganisa ngaphakathi kwendawo, okuhlanganisa izikali zikagesi, izilinganiso zensimbi ezijwayelekile, amamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile, izidluliseli zokucindezela, izidluliseli zokushisa, izibali sikhathi, njll., zizonikezwa imibiko yokuqinisekisa/yokulinganisa (izitifiketi) ekhishwe izikhungo zesifundazwe ze-metrology ngemva kokuhlolwa.
2.2 Isimiso Sokusebenza
Uma usebenzisa i-Static Gravimetric Method yokulinganisa, isikali sikagesi siyireferensi. Ngaphakathi kwesikhawu sesikhathi esimisiwe esifanayo, ubukhulu bendawo yokulinganisa egeleza ku-MUT iqhathaniswa nesisindo esikalwa ngesilinganiso sikagesi (noma ukugeleza kwesisindo esibalwa kusukela esikhathini esimisiwe), okunquma ukunemba nokuphindaphinda kwe-MUT.
Uma usebenzisa i-Static Volumetric Method yokulinganisa imitha yokugeleza, i-MUT kanye nesilinganiso sokusebenza esijwayelekile zisebenza ngokuhambisanayo. Phakathi nesikhawu sesikhathi esimisiwe esifanayo, ukugeleza kwevolumu ku-MUT (noma ivolumu eqoqiwe ebalwa kusukela esikhathini esimisiwe) kuqhathaniswa nevolumu elinganiswe ngokwezibalo esilinganisweni esijwayelekile sokusebenza, okunquma ukunemba kwe-metrological ye-MUT nokuphindaphinda.
Uma usebenzisa i-Master Meter Method yokulinganisa, indawo yokulinganisa igeleza ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yomibili i-MUT ne-master meter. Imitha eyinhloko isebenza njengereferensi, exhunywe ochungechungeni ne-MUT ukuze kuqhathaniswe imithamo, inquma ukunemba nokuphindaphinda kwe-MUT.
2.3 Ukugeleza Kwenqubo
Indawo yokuhlola igeleza isuka ethangini lamanzi, ngeqembu lepompo, umkhumbi ozinzisa, isinqamuli/isihlungi somoya, amapayipi enqubo yokulinganisa, iqembu lamamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile, iqembu lama-valve alawula ukugeleza, isiphambukisi, singene esitsheni esikalayo. Ngemva kokukala ngesilinganiso se-electronic (noma isilinganiso sensimbi esivamile), ibuyela ethangini lamanzi. Ukugeleza kwesistimu kunqunywa ngokukala uketshezi olugeleza esitsheni esikalayo (noma ukulinganisa umthamo wesilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile).
Faka i-MUT epayipini lokuhlola elihambisanayo. Qala ukugcinwa kwamanzi okujikelezayo okuhambisanayo kanye nesistimu yokuqinisa ingcindezi. Lungisa ukuvuleka kwevalvu elawulayo, isivinini sokugeleza okumaphakathi, kanye nomfutho wepayipi ukuze ufinyelele futhi uzinze ngesilinganiso sokugeleza sokulinganisa esidingekayo. Indawo yokuhlola igeleza ku-MUT kanye nezinga lokusebenza lokugeleza (isikali sikagesi, isilinganiso sensimbi esijwayelekile, imitha yokugeleza ejwayelekile). Sebenzisa i-MUT futhi ugeleze indinganiso yokusebenza ngokuhambisanayo, qhathanisa amanani okugeleza okukhiphayo ukuze unqume ukunemba kwe-metrological ye-MUT nokuphindaphinda. Amanani ajwayelekile aqoqwe ngokuhambisanayo kanye namanani e-MUT angena ohlelweni lwekhompyutha ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha. Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zokulinganisa ezihlukene, inqubo yokulawula ikhipha amasiginali okulawula ahlukene njengoba kudingekile ukuze ilethe i-test medium kuzinga lokugeleza lelinye iphuzu lokuhlola. Phinda umsebenzi ongenhla kuze kube yilapho wonke amaphuzu okugeleza eselinganisiwe. Okokugcina, bala imiphumela yokulinganisa ngokusekelwe kumithetho yokuqinisekisa, yigcine, bese uphrinta imibiko nezitifiketi.
2.4 Ukwakhiwa Kwesikhungo
2.4.1I-Curculating Water Storage and Stabilization System
Ihlanganiswe ithangi lamanzi, iphampu(ama), isistimu ye-VFD, umkhumbi wokuzinzisa, isinqamuli/isihlungi somoya, amapayipi axhumayo, amavalvu esango okwenziwa ngesandla, amavalvu okuhlola, nezixhumi eziguquguqukayo, njll.
A. Amaphampu Amandla
Awonga amandla, amaphampu anyakazayo aphansi, anomsindo ophansi akhethiwe. Zimboza ngokugcwele ububanzi bokugeleza obudingwa amapayipi okulinganisa esikhungo futhi zihlanganisa izimiso zokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nomnotho ofanele ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokulawulwa kokugeleza kwemihlangano. Amaphampu amaningi angasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela noma iphampu eyodwa ingalawulwa nge-VFD ngokuzimela ukuze ihlangabezane nobubanzi bokugeleza kwamapayipi okulinganisa.
Ikhanda lephampu likhethwa ngokunengqondo ngokusekelwe ekungqubuzaneni kwephayiphi okubaliwe kanye nokulahlekelwa kwendawo ukusuka endaweni yepompo ukuya endaweni yokuphuma kwepayipi, kanye nobude ukusuka endaweni yethangi ukuya endaweni ephambukisayo yomlomo nepayipi elibuyisela emuva, ukulahleka kokudonsa kwephampu, kanye nezidingo zengcindezi yokusebenza ukuze kulinganiswe. Ukusebenza kahle kwephampu kusebenzisa amanani aphakathi.
Amaphampu aklanywe futhi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amamodeli wesimanje alungile we-hydraulic, anama-spiral casings, ukumunca okuvundlile, ukukhipha okuqondile, kanye namadiamitha wokungena/okuphumayo afanayo. Ukuxhumeka kwemoto okuqondile kuqinisekisa ama-shafts agxilile, ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile, kuqinisekisa ingcindezi ezinzile yokuphuma kwephampu enokucindezela okuncane nokuguquguquka kokugeleza, ukwenza lula ukulawula nokulawula.
Kusetshenziswa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukudlidliza kanye nokuhlukanisa phakathi nokufakwa kwephampu. Izixhumi eziguqukayo zifakwa endaweni yokungena/ekuphumeni kwepompo ukuze kwehliswe ukudlidliza ngempumelelo. Ama-valve okuhlola avala kancane afakwe emapayipini aphumayo ukuze avimbele ukuphuma emuva, ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa ingcindezi yokuqeda isando samanzi. Amamotho asebenza ngokuwonga kwamandla ngokuvikela kwamanje/okugcwele ngokweqile. Ikhanda lokumunca elihle lisetshenziselwa ukugwema ukungena komoya kanye nezinkinga zokuqala.
B. Umkhumbi Ozinzisa
Indlela yokuqinisa ingcindezi yesikhungo iwukuqiniswa komkhumbi + ukulawulwa kwe-VFD, okusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukugeleza nokuguquguquka kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokutholwa. Ihlinzeka ngokucindezela okuzinzile kwesistimu, iqeda ukushaywa kwe-high-frequency pulsation namagagasi okwethuka kumaphampu, futhi ikhipha amabhamuza afakwe endaweni yokulinganisa. Izilinganiso zomkhumbi ezinzisayo, izibhafa, futhi zimunca ukushayeka komfutho woketshezi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshashintsha komfutho wokugeleza kokuphumayo kuhlala kuzinzile ku-0.2%, okwenza uketshezi olusepayipini lokulinganisa luhlangabezane ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwesigaba esisodwa.
Ngokusekelwe kunani lokuguquguquka kokuphuma kwephampu, inani lokuzinzisa umkhumbi, namadayamitha wokungena/okuphumayo komkhumbi, kubalwa ukugeleza okuphezulu ukuze kuklanywe umthamo womkhumbi ngokunengqondo, ubuningi, kanye nomfutho wezinga eliphezulu. Material kungaba 304 insimbi engagqwali noma carbon steel.
Umkhumbi unebhaffle eyodwa eqondile, ama-baffle amathathu avundlile anamagridi anezimbobo. I-baffle eqondile ihlukanisa umkhumbi ube amakamelo okungenisa kanye nokuphuma. I-medium ingena, igeleze iye phezulu/phansi ngenxa ye-baffle kanye ne-buffer, isiphithiphithi siphinde sinciphe ngokungqubuzana okuvundlile kanye nomcamelo womoya ongaphezulu, bese ungena egumbini lokuphuma ngokuchichima epayipini. Lokhu kudonsa ngokuphumelelayo futhi kuvimbele amagagasi okushaywa kwe-high-frequency pulsation, kuqede ukushaya kwephampu, okusebenza njengesiqinisi sokucindezela kanye nesilayishi. Izinguquko ezincane zokucindezela kwesistimu zivinjwa ukunwetshwa okuzenzakalelayo/ukufinyela kwesikhala somcamelo womoya ngaphezu komkhumbi.
Ukuklama nokukhiqiza kuthobelana ne-GB150-2011 "Imikhumbi Yokucindezela Kwensimbi" kanye "Nemithetho Yokuqondisa Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Komkhumbi Wokucindezela". Ama-Flanges ahambisana ne-GB150-2011 kanye ne-GB/T 9112~9124-2010 "Ama-Flange Epayipi Lensimbi". Imibhalo egcwele yokuphepha inikeziwe (ilayisensi yokukhiqiza, isitifiketi sekhwalithi, isitifiketi sokugada okokusebenza okukhethekile, amafayela okuklama, imanuwali yokufaka/yokulungisa).
Izesekeli zomkhumbi zihlanganisa igeji yokucindezela, i-valve yokudonsa, i-valve yokuphepha egcwele i-spring-loaded full-lift, amapayipi, nokufakwa.
C. VFD System
Lesi sikhungo sifakwe isistimu ye-VFD yomuntu oyedwa. Imisebenzi yayo: 1) Gwema umthelela wegridi ngesikhathi sokushintsha imvamisa yamandla, 2) Qinisekisa ukuthi amaphampu ahlala esebenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-VFD ukuze kube lula ukulawula ukugeleza kwesistimu nokonga amandla. Uhlelo ngokuyinhloko luqukethe i-starter cabinet, i-VFD, izintambo zokuxhuma, njll. I-VFD eyodwa ilawula injini yepompo eyodwa (ibanga lejubane elingcono kakhulu: 35Hz~50Hz). Ukulawulwa kwe-PID kusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza nokucindezela. Ama-VFD afakwe emakhabetheni anemisebenzi yokumisa yasendaweni/yezimo eziphuthumayo, ukulawula okwenziwa ngesandla, nesilawuli kude sekhompyutha. Ngokuphepha, ama-thermal relay ayengezwa ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe ukuze avikeleke ngokwedlulele/ukulayisha ngokweqile.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amaphampu ephampu alawulwa yi-VFD anezela ububanzi bokugeleza obungenakufinyeleleka ngamaphampu anesivinini esingaguquki. Ukusebenza kwe-VFD kufanele kugweme ibanga eliphansi lomkhawulo ukuze kuvinjwe izindawo ezifile kanye nokulawulwa okungewona umugqa. Ukugeleza okuzinzile ku-MUT kudinga umehluko ozinzile wengcindezi kuyo yonke indawo. Ukulawula ukuzinza kwengcindezi ekhuphukayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuzinza kokugeleza. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi ye-VFD kusebenzisa ama-algorithms e-PID; ukusebenza kwayo kunquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwesistimu. Ukuqaliswa kungaba kanje:
Sebenzisa i-PLC njengomlawuli (isimiso esiboniswe ngezansi). Izinzuzo: impendulo esheshayo, isebenzisa ama-algorithms okulawula womkhiqizi we-VFD, ithuthukisa ukuthembeka kokulawula.
Ukudluliselwa okushisayo kukhabhinethi ye-VFD kunikeza ukuvikelwa kwamanje/ukulayisha ngokweqile. Ama-VFD nawo asebenza njengeziqalisi ezithambile, avikela amaphampu kahle.
D. I-Air Eliminator/Isihlungi
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi uhlelo lokukala luyinqubo evulekile, indawo yokuhlola ingakhiqiza ukungcola namabhamuza ngesikhathi sokutholwa, okuholela emaphutheni okulinganisa kanye nokulimala okungaba khona kumamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile kanye ne-MUT. Izihlungi/izihlungi ezinosayizi ofanele zifakwa endaweni ephuma kuyo umkhumbi ezinzisa ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kukhishwe igesi nokungcola epayipini, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhungo.
Dala ngokunengqondo ukucaciswa, inani, kanye nengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu. Isakhiwo segobolondo esiyicylindrical esinevalve yokukhipha umoya phezulu, ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi engezansi, i-cartridge yesihlungi sangaphakathi, indawo yokuqoqa umoya, ipuleti lokudambisa, isikrini sokuhlunga esinezimbobo. Izinto ezithintana neziphakathi: 304 insimbi engagqwali; ezinye izingxenye: painted carbon steel.
2.4.2I-Metrology Standard System
Isistimu ye-metrological standard yesikhungo isebenzisa:
* Izikali ze-elekthronikhi ezinembe kakhulu njengereferensi ye-Gravimetric Method.
* Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza njengereferensi ye-Volumetric Method.
* Amamitha okugeleza ajwayelekile njengereferensi yeNdlela Yemitha Eyinhloko.
Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe ama-valve avalayo, ama-valve alawula ukugeleza, isiphambukisi, isiqukathi sesisindo, isikali sikagesi esinembayo esiphezulu (noma isilinganiso sensimbi esivamile), inqubo yokufaka amapayipi, njll.
A. I-Gravimetric Weighing System (Izikali zikagesi)
Uhlelo luvumela ukulinganiswa kwama-MUT ezindaweni zokugeleza ezinkulu nezincane. Amasistimu okukala ahlukene (izikali) angakhethwa ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokugeleza.
Isibonelo: Amasistimu okukala amane ahlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa:
* Iqembu 1: 12000kg isikali, 12000L enesisindo esitsheni, DN300 diverter, backpressure line.
* Iqembu 2: 3000kg isikali, 3000L enesisindo esitsheni, DN100 diverter, backpressure line.
* Iqembu 3: 600kg isikali, 600L enesisindo isitsha, DN50 diverter, backpressure line.
* Iqembu 4: 120kg isikali, 120L enesisindo isitsha, DN25 diverter, backpressure line.
Iplathifomu yesikali iqukethe isisindo somzimba nohlaka, ngokuvikela ukugcwala kwenzwa, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana esijwayelekile (isb., RS232/RS485), esixhumeka kusibonisi sendawo noma kusistimu yokulawula, esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
B. Isitsha Sokukala
Iziqukathi zokukala zibamba i-test medium ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa kwe-Gravimetric. Isakhiwo: isiqukathi esiyindilinga sensimbi engagqwali sifana nosayizi weplathifomu yesikali. Ukujiya kodonga kuhlangabezana nezidingo zesisindo namandla, kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuguquguquka ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Isibonelo: Iziqukathi ezine: 12000L, 3000L, 600L, 120L. Isikhathi sokukhipha kuzo zonke iziqukathi ≤40s.
Ifakwe inzwa yeleveli, i-valve yokukhipha amanzi, ipayipi lokudonsa amanzi, njll., nemisebenzi efana nokuqapha izinga loketshezi, i-alamu ekhawulelwe kakhulu, ukugcwaliswa kwe-anti-splash, nokukhipha amanzi ngokushesha. Idizayini ibheka indawo namandla: insimbi engagqwali eyindilinga, igridi yomhlahlandlela wokugeleza okuphezulu, ipayipi/ivalvu yokudonsa amanzi; i-slot flow stabilizers yangaphakathi emise okwesiphambano eshiselwe ngokulinganayo ukuze kuqedwe amabhamuza nokuzungeza okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza, okuhlinzeka ngokuqedwa komoya kanye nokuzinzisa ukugeleza. Material: 304 insimbi engagqwali.
C. Isistimu Yokulinganisa Ivolumu (Izinyathelo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza)
Idizayinwe, yakhiqizwa, futhi yakhethwa ngokuqinile ngokuya nge-JJG259-2005 "Ukuqinisekiswa Kokulawulwa Kwezinyathelo Ezijwayelekile Zensimbi" ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba, ukuzinza, nokuthembeka kokulinganiswa kwamamitha okugeleza kwamanzi. Ithatha amaphuzu aphezulu, amaminithi, kanye namaphoyinti okugeleza e-MUT amaphakathi. Iziteshi zokulinganisa ezihlukene (izinyathelo) zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokugeleza.
Isibonelo: Izinyathelo ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokusebenza:
* I-GBJ-10000L (uhlobo lobude obubodwa), ububanzi bokugeleza (300~1150) m³/h.
* I-GBJ-3000L (uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe: 1000L+2000L), ububanzi bokugeleza (70~300) m³/h.
* I-GBJ-700L (uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe: 200L+500L), ububanzi bokugeleza (0.9~70) m³/h.
I-Measure iqukethe intamo ye-gauge, ishubhu yezinga, isikali sentamo ye-gauge, i-cone engenhla, umzimba we-cylindrical, ikhoni ephansi, i-valve yokukhipha amanzi, i-stand, kanye nezingxenye zokulinganisa. Izinto ezithinta uketshezi: 304 insimbi engagqwali.
Ama-valve okukhipha amanzi anomoya, afaka ukusebenza okuvumelana nezimo, ukuvala kahle, nokusebenza okuzinzile.
D. Diverter
I-diverter iyisici esibalulekile ezindaweni zokugeleza kwamanzi. Ishintsha ngokushesha ukugeleza koketshezi, ijove ngokunembile uketshezi olugeleza ku-MUT lungene esitsheni esikalayo ngaphandle kokudlula phakathi nesikhathi esidingekayo. Kuyipharamitha enkulu ekuhlolweni kokungaqiniseki kwesikhungo.
I-diverter yethu yohlobo oluvulekile lwe-pneumatic ethuthukisiwe isebenzisa isakhiwo esivulekile, ukusebenza okuzinzile, izidingo zesikhungo sokuhlangana, iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuchaphaza noma ukugeleza kokugeleza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ekugelezeni ngesikhathi sokuphambukisa ekugelezeni okukhulu kuyivelu egxilile.
I-Diverter ibhangqwe eyodwa-to-one neziteshi zesikali (noma isilinganiso). Ububanzi be-Diverter kanye nenani kuklanywe ngokunengqondo. Isenzo siwukukhanya, ukunyakaza kwe-axial okuqondile, ukumelana okuphansi, isenzo esisheshayo, umehluko omncane wesikhathi sokuphambukisa, ukuhlangabezana nemithetho yokuqinisekisa efanele.
Amapharamitha wobuchwepheshe: Isikhathi sokuphambukisa se-single-stroke ≤200ms, umehluko wesikhathi sokuhamba ≤20ms, ukungaqiniseki 0.02%, ingcindezi yomthombo womoya (0.4~0.6)MPa, impahla ethintana nendawo emaphakathi: 304 insimbi engagqwali.
E. Standard Flow Meters (Master Meters)
Amamitha okugeleza kwe-electromagnetic asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengamamitha ayinhloko, isigaba sokunemba ≤0.2, ukuphindaphinda ≤0.06%. Lawa mamitha asebenza njengezinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuqapha ukugeleza okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa kwe-Gravimetric. Ngokuqapha ukugeleza okusheshayo kwemitha eyinhloko, imvamisa ye-VFD nokuvuleka kwevalvu elawulayo kuyalungiswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukugeleza okukhona ngokushesha okufiswayo epayipini. Isivinini sokugeleza esijwayelekile sivamise ukuthi (0.5~5) m/s, sihlangabezana nezidingo zokugeleza kwesikhungo esiphezulu/ngomzuzu. Amamitha angochwepheshe angalandelelwa ku-inthanethi kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Gravimetric, kuqinisekiswe ukulandeleka okunembile nokuthembekile kuyilapho kuqedwa umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokuqaqa/ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kokuqinisekisa imitha.
2.4.3Uhlelo Lokuhlola Ipayipi Lokulinganisa
Kufaka iziteshi zokuhlola ukulinganisa, amamitha okugeleza avamile, amapayipi enqubo, njll., afakelwe ama-transmitters okucindezela, izidluliseli zokushisa, ama-valve amabhola womoya, ama-valve alawula ukugeleza kukagesi, amadivaysi okubamba amamitha womoya, amapayipi okudonsa amapayipi, amapayipi okukhipha umoya wamapayipi, izindlela zokuhlanza amapayipi, ibhentshi lokusebenzela le-MUT, ibhentshi lokusebenzela le-MUT, nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
A. Iziteshi Zokuhlola Ukulinganisa
Ngokusekelwe ezimeni zesayithi lomsebenzisi, iziteshi eziningi zokuhlola ukulinganisa okugxilile ziklanywa ngokunengqondo, zihlelwa ngapha nangapha. Ububanzi besiteshi esijwayelekile: DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Abanye osayizi bangalinganiswa ngokushintsha amapayipi.
B. Izigaba zamapayipi aqondile
Izingxenye zamapayipi aqondile okulinganisa aklanywe njenge-20D phezulu komfula kanye ne-5D ezansi nomfula we-MUT. Izingxenye ezikhuphuka nomfula/ezansi nomfula zinezindawo zokuthepha ingcindezi/izinga lokushisa ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokulawula ezifanele, ezivalwe ngendlela enokwethenjelwa, ezisiza ukulinganisa kwe-MUT.
Material: 304 ipayipi yensimbi engagqwali. Ukuchezuka kobukhulu bangaphandle nobukhulu bodonga kuhambisana namazinga kazwelonke.
C. Spools
Lesi sikhungo sifakwe ama-spools osayizi abahlukahlukene bokulinganiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zobukhulu be-MUT. Izilinganiso ze-spool ezenziwe ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi ngamunye. Material: 304 insimbi engagqwali.
Idivayisi ye-D. Meter Clamping (I-Expansion Join)
Idivayisi yokubopha iyithuluzi eliwusizo elibalulekile. Lesi sikhungo sisebenzisa ama-double-cylinder drive clamping angaphandle ashayelwa umoya we-pneumatically anomsebenzi wokulawula okwenziwa ngesandla. Lesi sakhiwo sinqoba ukuhlehla okungabonakali kokuvuza komoya/kwamanzi emizimbeni yamasilinda. Ubude be-Stroke buvumela amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza. Ububanzi kanye nenani kuklanywe ngendlela efanele isiteshi ngasinye sokubamba i-MUT.
Ukucindezela okuzisholo: 1.6MPa, unhlangothi olujwayelekile ≥200mm, ukucindezela komoya (0.4~0.6)MPa, impahla ethintana nendawo ephakathi: 304 insimbi engagqwali.
E. Ama-Transmitter
a. I-Pressure Transmitter: Isigaba sokunemba 0.075, MPE ±0.075%FS, Ibanga (0~1.0)MPa, Okukhiphayo (4~20)mA, Amandla DC24V. Ngokuvamile amayunithi angu-3 afakwa kuma-manifold, noma acaciswe umsebenzisi ngepayipi ngalinye.
b. I-Temperature Transmitter: Isigaba sokunemba 0.2, MPE ±0.2°C, Ibanga (0~50)°C, Okukhiphayo (4~20)mA, Amandla DC24V. Ngokuvamile amayunithi angu-3 afakwa kuma-manifold, noma acaciswe umsebenzisi ngepayipi ngalinye.
F. Amavalvu
a. Amavalvu Wokuvala Womoya
Amavalvu okuvala amapayipi asebenzisa amavalvu ebhola agcwele umoya we-O-type namavalve uvemvane womoya. Inikwe amandla umoya ocindezelwe ukuze uvule/ukuvalwa kwepayipi ngokushesha. I-valve yebhola ingcindezi yokulinganisa i-1.6MPa; I-Butterfly valve nominal pressure 1.0MPa. Ngokwezidingo zokulinganisa, i-valve eyodwa yebhola yomoya isethwe phezulu nomfula ogeleza imitha evamile, phezulu nomfula isiphambukisi, kanye nomfula okhuphukayo/ophansi kwe-MUT esiteshini ngasinye sokuhlola. Ivalvu eyodwa uvemvane womoya isethwe emseleni wesitsha ngasinye sokukala. I-valve core material: 304 insimbi engagqwali noma insimbi engagqwali egcwele.
b. I-Electric Flow Elawula I-Ball Valve
Ihlola imitha eyinkosi ukugeleza ngokushesha ukulungisa imvamisa ye-VFD nokuvuleka kwevalvu, kuzuzwe izinga lokugeleza elidingekayo. Isebenzisa ama-valve ebhola alawula i-V-port kagesi, ukunemba okungu-1%, ukucindezela okuzisholo okungu-1.6MPa. Okukodwa kufakwe ezansi nomfula wemitha ngayinye eyinhloko. I-valve core material: 304 insimbi engagqwali noma insimbi engagqwali egcwele.
c. Amavalvu Emanuwali & Hlola Amavavu
Amavalvu esango afakwe ngesandla afakwe phezulu kwembobo ngayinye yokumunca iphampu ukuze abekwe yodwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Hlola ama-valve afakwe ezansi nomfula wembobo yokukhipha impompo ngayinye ukuze uvikele amaphampu kwisando samanzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Insimbi ye-valve yesango: 304 noma insimbi engagqwali egcwele. Hlola impahla ye-valve: insimbi engagqwali engu-304 egcwele.
d. Amavalvu enziwa ngesandla
Ama-valve okukhipha amanzi, ama-vent valves, nama-valve okulawula indlela yokuhlanza kusethwe epayipini ngalinye lesistimu. Ukulawula mathupha. Material: 304 insimbi engagqwali.
e. Inqola Yokuhlola Yokulinganisa
Ikalishi eliphakamisayo elihambayo lokuthutha, ukusimamisa, ukusekela, nokukhweza ama-MUT. Imininingwane kanye nenani elilungiselelwe ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi ngamunye. Isitendi sinomshini ophakathi nendawo oqinisekisa ukugxila kwepayipi kanye nokususwa kalula kwe-MUT. Indawo yokufaka eklanyelwe ukuthwala amamitha anosayizi okhethekile.
f. I-Pipeline Isekela
Ukusekelwa kwamapayipi okuhambisanayo kuhlinzekwe kuwo wonke amapayipi enqubo. Izisekelo ezinikelwe ezinikezwe isiphambukisi ngasinye. Material: painted carbon steel.
2.4.4Isistimu Yomthombo Womoya Wamandla
Inikeza umoya onomfutho wezingxenye zomoya endaweni, ehlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa. Izingxenye zomoya zisebenzisa amabhrendi ekilasi lokuqala ngokuphepha, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza okuzinzile.
A. Air Compressor
I-compressor yohlobo lwe-piston ekhethiwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela. Izinzuzo: ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza okulula/ukunakekela, ibhalansi enhle eguquguqukayo, ukuguquguquka okuqinile, kulungele izimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
B. Ithangi Lokwamukela Umoya
Ivolumu eklanywe ngokunengqondo kanye nokucindezela okulinganiselwe okukhulu okusekelwe enanini lamadivayisi womoya kanye nokucindezela kwawo okusebenzayo. Material: painted carbon steel. Ifakwe igeji yokulinganisa umfutho, ivalvu yokuphepha elayishwe ngokugcwele entwasahlobo, i-valve yokukhipha umoya, i-drain valve, amapayipi, nokufakwa.
Ukuklama nokukhiqiza kuthobelana ne-GB150-2011 "Imikhumbi Yokucindezela Kwensimbi" kanye "Nemithetho Yokuqondisa Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphepha Komkhumbi Wokucindezela". Amadokhumenti okuphepha aphelele anikeziwe.
2.4.5Izingxenye Ezijwayelekile
Izingxenye ezijwayelekile (izindololwane, izinciphisi, ama-flange, izixhumi, ama-gaskets, njll.) zinengcindezi yokulinganisa engu-≥1.0MPa. Material: insimbi engagqwali.
2.4.6Izigaba zamapayipi
Izingxenye zamapayipi zisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali (304), ukucindezela okujwayelekile okungu-≥1.0MPa. Amapayipi ahambisana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele. Ubude obusebenzayo, ubuningi, kanye nefomu lokufaka elilungiselelwe ngokunengqondo ngokusekelwe kusakhiwo sangempela sendawo.
2.5 Inqubo Yokusebenza Yokulinganisa
2.5.1Vula ikhabethe lamandla, i-VFD starter cabinet, air compressor, control cabinet, i-industrial computer (IPC), njll., ngokulandelana. Qinisekisa ukuqalisa kwemishini nokusebenza okuvamile.
2.5.2Okokuqala, khetha ububanzi bepayipi lokulinganisa elihambisana nobubanzi be-MUT (linganisa amamitha obubanzi obuhlukene ngokushintsha amapayipi). Beka i-MUT ethreyini yebhentshi noma u-V wesiteshi sokuhlola ukulinganisa. Lungisa indlela yokuphakamisa i-hydraulic yebhentshi lokusebenzela ukuze iqondanise ubude obumaphakathi kanye nokujula kwe-MUT nepayipi elikhuphuka nomfula kanye nedivayisi yokwengeza umoya womoya (i-clamping). Bese uvala umshini wokudonsa amanzi.
2.5.3Ngemva kokufaka i-MUT, yenza kusebenze idivayisi yokubamba umoya usebenzisa ivalvu yayo yokuqondisa ukuze ubambe i-MUT nge-axially. Okokugcina, vikela ukuxhumeka kwe-MUT flange kuma-flange epayipi usebenzisa amabhawudi afanayo, uqinisekise ukuthi ama-seal angavuzi. Lokhu kuqeda ukufakwa kwe-MUT. Hlehlisa inqubo yokususwa (Qaphela: Ngaphambi kokususwa, vula i-valve yokukhipha ipayipi ukuze ucindezele futhi ukhiphe; khipha kuphela i-MUT ngemva kokukhipha okuphakathi).
2.5.4Qala iphampu ehambisana nobubanzi bokugeleza (i-VFD ilawulwa; lungisa imvamisa/isivinini sepompo ngesikhathi sokujikeleza ukuze ulethe ukugeleza kwamapayipi phakathi kwebanga elibonakalayo). Vula kancane kancane ama-valve amapayipi akhethiwe. Lawula ukugeleza ngevalvu elawulayo kuze kufinyelelwe ukugeleza okuzinzile endaweni yokuhlola. Kulesi sigaba, i-diverter, i-valve yokudonsa isitsha esikalayo, nama-valve omugqa wokubuya asendaweni yokudonsa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zisebenza ngokujwayelekile yini. Uma kungavamile, xazulula inkinga futhi ulungise ngemishini ngayinye efanele.
2.5.5Ngaphambi kokulinganisa okusemthethweni, hlola futhi ukuthi wonke amazinga okushisa/ingcindezi nezikali ziyasebenza yini. Indlela: Ngaphambi kokuthi kusebenze okokusebenza, hlola ukufundwa kwethuluzi lokushisa kufanele kuhambisane noma kuvaleke; ukufundwa kwensimbi yokucindezela okuhambisanayo noma okuvalekile; izikali kufanele zifakwe i-tared futhi zerowe.
2.5.6Setha imingcele yokulinganisa kusixhumi esibonakalayo sesofthiwe (bheka imanuwali yesofthiwe yesistimu). Yenza i-diverter isebenze ukuze ushintshe indlela yokuhamba iye endaweni yokuhlola. Uketshezi lugelezela esitsheni esikalayo. Ngemva kokufinyelela isikhathi sokulinganisa esisethiwe, isiphambukisi sishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kokuthi uketshezi luzinzile esitsheni, qoqa idatha yesikali (isilinganiso esivamile). Ikhompyutha irekhoda ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha, bese ivula i-valve yokukhipha amanzi ukuze ithulule isiqukathi.
2.5.7Ngemva kokukhipha amanzi kanye nokuconsa okungenani imizuzwana engu-30, i-valve yokudonsa ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi i-diverter iyashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo, iqala ukugijima kwesibili kulelo phuzu lokuhlola. Phinda lo msebenzi kuze kube yilapho inani elidingekayo lokugijima kulelo phuzu seliqediwe. Qhubeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze uqedele wonke amaphuzu okugeleza.
2.5.8Ngemuva kokulinganisa, cisha amaphampu, ama-valve afanele, i-VFD starter cabinet, i-air compressor, i-power cabinet, i-control cabinet, ne-IPC ngokulandelana.
2.5.9Ishadi Lokugeleza Lokusebenza
2.6 Isistimu Yokulinganisa Nokulawula Ikhompyutha
2.6.1Imisebenzi Yesistimu
Isistimu yokulinganisa nokulawula isebenzisa ikhompuyutha njengeyunithi yokulawula emaphakathi yokucubungula idatha. Ukuhlanganisa i-hardware nesofthiwe, ithola ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi icubungule idatha yokulinganisa (izinga lokushisa, ama-pressure transmitters, ukugeleza kwemitha yokugeleza okujwayelekile, ukugeleza kwe-MUT, izikali); ilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphampu, ama-valve avalayo, ama-valve alawulayo, ama-VFD, kanye nezingxenye zesistimu yokukala (i-diverter, i-drain valve); ilawula ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa nokugeleza; shintsha izinqubo; kanye nezibonisi, izitolo, kanye nemiphumela yokulinganisa yamaphrinti, eqedela inqubo yokuqinisekisa i-metrological.
2.6.2Ukwakhiwa Kwezingxenyekazi Zesistimu
2.6.2.1 I-Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) nama-Peripherals
I-PLC isebenza njengesilawuli sezinga eliphansi. Imisebenzi ihlanganisa:
* Inqubo yokubamba isignali, ukutholwa, ukuguqulelwa kumanani epharamitha e-IPC (<1ms isikhathi sesampula).
* Ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuzenzakalelayo, ukulawulwa kokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo.
* Ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi.
Isebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-Siemens PLC, amamojula we-I/O, amamojula wokubala. Kufakwe kukhabethe lokulawula elizinikele elithobela i-IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92. Ifakwe amaswishi e-interlock nezinkomba ze-alamu.
IKhabinethi ibuye ibe nama-peripheral (amaswitjhi, amafuse, ama-relay, ama-contactor) asebenzisa amabhrendi wekhwalithi wasekhaya.
2.6.2.2Isibali sikhathi senkomba yokulinganisa
Ithuthukiswe ngaphakathi endlini, ibonisa isikhathi/ukubala kusixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompyutha. Ukungaqiniseki kokulinganisa imvamisa kunwetshiwe *U*=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2); ubuncane bokulungiswa ≤0.001s. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulinganisa sigcine imiphumela emibili yokulinganisa isibali sikhathi esiku-inthanethi kusetshenziswa imvamisa evamile.
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe:
| Cha. | Into | Ipharamitha | Qaphela |
| 1 | I-Crystal Oscillator 8h Ukuzinza | ≤1×10⁻⁶ |
|
| 2 | I-Freq. Meas. Ukungaqiniseki Okunwetshiwe | U=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2) |
|
| 3 | Ukulungiswa Okuncane Kwesibali sikhathi | 0.001s |
|
2.6.2.3Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) & Control System
Isebenzisa amasistimu e-VFD ukulawula isivinini sephampu sokulawula ukugeleza. Ama-VFD ayizici ezibalulekile, afakwe kumakhabethe okuqala e-VFD kusetshenziswa ifomu le-GGD ebiyelwe, ethobela i-IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92.
Uhlelo lwe-VFD lunemisebenzi yokumisa yasendaweni/yezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuqala/ukumisa okuvamile kungaba isilawuli kude sekhompyutha (indawo) noma sekhompyutha.
2.6.2.4I-Central Control Unit
I-Advantech brand Industrial PC (IPC). Ukucushwa okuyinhloko:
| Cha. | Ukucushwa kwe-Hardware | Ipharamitha | Qaphela |
| 1 | Ibhodi lomama | I-Advantech |
|
| 2 | CPU | I5 |
|
| 3 | Inkumbulo | 8G |
|
| 4 | I-Hard Disk | 1TB + 120G SSD |
|
| 5 | Gada | 24" LCD Umbala |
|
I-IPC iwumongo. Isebenzisa "I-Flow Measurement and Control Software", ithola idatha yenkambu evela ku-PLC, ilawula ukuphuma kwesistimu, iqondisa izinqubo zokulinganisa, iphatha imicimbi, izinqubo/ibala idatha yokulinganisa, iphrezenta/igcina amarekhodi/imibiko, futhi ivumela umbuzo/isipele sedatha yomlando.
Imonitha ye-IPC, igundane, nekhibhodi kusebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu (HMI).
2.6.2.5Idivayisi Yokukhipha
Iphrinta eyodwa ye-laser ye-A4.
2.6.3Uhlelo Lwesoftware
Iqukethe "I-Flow Measurement and Control Software", "Calibration Data Processing Software", "Communication Data Processing Programme" esebenza ku-IPC; kanye "nohlelo Lokulawula lwe-PLC" olusebenza ku-PLC.
2.6.3.1I-Flowchart Yomsebenzi Wesofthiwe
2.6.3.2Izikrini Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza Kwesofthiwe
2.6.3.3Imisebenzi Yesofthiwe Eyisisekelo
Inqubo yokubonisa nokusebenza: I-Dynamic process schematic diagram ibonisa isimo sokugeleza kokuhlolwa. Ibonisa izimo zepharamitha yobunjiniyela ngesikhathi sangempela. Imisebenzi ihambisana namazinga kazwelonke, imithethonqubo, nezinqubo; ukulawula okunembile nokuthembekile.
Isibonisi Sesimo: Ibonisa amapharamitha enkundla yokugeleza kwamapayipi (izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isivinini, ukugeleza, njll.) kanye nesimo semishini ekubukeni kohlelo.
Abaphathi Bedatha Yomlandot: Ikhiqiza i-shift, yansuku zonke, yanyanga zonke, imibiko yonyaka yamapharamitha angukhiye nesimo semishini. Imibiko ingaphrinta ngokuzenzakalelayo noma iphrintwe mathupha.
Ukuphathwa komlayezo: Ibonisa imininingwane yephutha ngezinguquko zombala, izigelekeqe, amatafula. Isetha ama-alamu omkhawulo wepharamitha nama-alamu wephutha wemishini.
Ukuphathwa komsebenzisi/Ukuvikela: Ihlinzeka ngamaleveli amaningi wokufinyelela ngezinto ezibalulekile zokusebenza ezihlukile. Amaleveli ephasiwedi ayadingeka ekuqaliseni/ukumisa kwedivayisi yenkambu kanye nokulungiselelwa kwepharamitha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa kabi.
Ukuphathwa Kwesistimu: Isungula/igcina ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ilawula abasebenzisi, amalogi wokungena/umlando wokusebenza wombuzo nokuphepha.
Londoloza & Yenza Isipele: Amandla okulondoloza nokwenza isipele idatha yokuhlola namafayela ahlobene.
A. Control Imisebenzi
* Ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo yokulinganisa.
* Ukuqala kwepompo/ukumisa kanye nokulawula imvamisa.
* Ukulawula i-valve.
* I-Diverter switching control.
* Ukuvikelwa komkhawulo wesitsha.
* Ukulawulwa kokugeleza: kulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvulwa kwe-valve ngokusekelwe ekugelezeni kwephoyinti lokuhlola.
B. Imisebenzi Yokutholwa Kwedatha
* Amasiginali we-analog atholwe ngamamojula angu-16-bit anembe kakhulu.
* Lawula amasiginali aphathwa amamojula we-Boolean processor enesivinini esikhulu (i-CPU ezimele, umjikelezo ongu-<1us) ukuze uthole idatha ehambisanayo.
* Izinga lokushisa, ukulinganisa idatha yengcindezi.
* Isilinganiso sedatha yokugeleza kwemitha yokugeleza evamile.
* Isilinganiso sedatha yokugeleza kwe-MUT (4-20mA, ishayela, njll.).
* Isikali esikalwa idatha.
* Impendulo yesignali yesikhundla se-valve.
C. Imisebenzi Yokucubungula Idatha
* Icubungula idatha yokulinganisa kanye nemiphumela yamajaji ngokwezindinganiso kazwelonke, imithethonqubo.
* Ivumela ukusethwa kwesegimenti kwama-coefficients wemitha yokugeleza asheshayo.
* Ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwamaphoyinti okuhlola, inani lokugijima, izikhathi zokugijima (okuzenzakalelayo ngokwezinga ngalinye noma okuchazwe umsebenzisi).
* Igcina amarekhodi okuhlola kusizindalwazi sombuzo, ukuphrinta, ukuguqula, ukususa njengoba kudingeka.
* Yakha imibiko yedatha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi iphathe idatha.
D. Bonisa Imisebenzi
Isibonisi senqubo yesithombe sokuqapha imishini yesikhathi sangempela. Ilingisa izifunda zevalvu yasensimini, ukuvulwa kwevalvu elawulayo, isimo sesignali ye-MUT, isimo sokugeleza, izinga lokushisa, inkombandlela ye-diverter, isimo se-valve yokukhipha, imvamisa ye-VFD, njll.
E. Operation Imisebenzi
Isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula esinomsebenzi wokuqhafaza. Lawula ama-actuator enkambu ngokuchofoza igundane, enembile futhi elula.
F. Wizard Umsebenzi
I-Wizard interface iqondisa abasebenzisi kuyo yonke inqubo yokulinganisa. Setha amapharamitha adingekayo/ulwazi lwe-MUT ngokwaziswa ngakunye. Imisebenzi elula iqeda ukulinganisa ngemva kokusetha. Ukulawula okulula, okusheshayo; kulula ukufunda.
2.6.3.4Ukuqaliswa Okuqondile Kwemisebenzi Ebalulekile
A. MUT Ukuphatha
Isistimu ingahlinzeka ngogesi we-MUT. Izimpawu ze-MUT zifundwa amamojula e-PLC abala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugeleza okunqwabelene. Ukuguqulwa kwenqwaba/ivolumu, ukulungiswa kwe-buoyancy yokufunda isikali, ukulungisa izinga lokushisa/ukucindezela, ukucubungula idatha edingekayo, nemibiko isingathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo isofthiwe ye-IPC.
Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, isixhumi esibonakalayo sesofthiwe sidinga okokufaka ngesandla kwemingcele ye-MUT (isb, uhlobo lwesiginali ngemenyu eyehlayo: i-analog current, i-pulse, akukho okukhiphayo). Ngemva kokukhetha, isistimu ihambisa isignali ngokuzenzakalelayo esiteshini esifanele.
B. Ukuphathwa Kwemitha Okuyingcweti
Amandla emitha ayingcweti ahlinzekwa uhlelo. Idatha etholwe ngokufunda ukushaya kwenhliziyo. I-software ihlonza ipayipi lokulinganisa ukuze kukhethwe imitha eyinhloko efanele. Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, i-PLC iqongelela ngokuzenzakalelayo ingqikithi yamapulse ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphutha lokutholwa ≤ ±1 ishayela. Amamitha amakhulu angalinganisa wona ngokwawo ku-inthanethi ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa isikali sikagesi.
C. Ukuthola Izinga lokushisa Nokucindezela
Zonke izinga lokushisa/izithumeli zinikwa amandla uhlelo. Ukunemba okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe. Isebenzisa amamojula angu-16-bit A/D ngokunemba okuphezulu, isivinini, ukuhlunga kwedijithali, nesinxephezelo.
D. Vala Valve & Ukulawulwa Kwe-Diverter
Amandla nawo ahlinzekwa uhlelo. Ingalawulwa ngokuchofoza ihluzo/izinkinobho zesikrini noma ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokugeleza kwenqubo ngayinye. I-Diverter ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa; Amarekhodi esikhathi esizinikezele ashintsha isikhathi nesikhathi sokuhamba.
E. Ukulawula Ivalvu
Lawula okwamanje okunikezwa imojuli ye-D/A. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula iphuzu lokugeleza. Ngomfutho ophakeme okhuphuka nomfula, ukuvulwa kwe-valve kumugqa wokugeleza; ukuyilawula kufeza ukugeleza kokuhlola okudingekayo.
F. Isikali Ukutholwa Kwedatha
Amandla e-AC220V anikezwe uhlelo. Idatha etholwe ngokuxhumana kwe-RS485. Isofthiwe ingakhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ububanzi besikali obufanele ngokusekelwe endaweni yokugeleza/isikhathi sokulinganisa, noma u-opharetha angakhetha mathupha ngesixhumi esibonakalayo.
G. Diverter Test Isifanekiso
Ihambisa ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi phakathi kwalesi sikrini, ikhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha ethobela imithetho. Idatha ingathunyelwa futhi igcinwe kusizindalwazi.
H. Isifanekiso Sokuhlola Ukuzinza
Ihambisa ukulinganiswa kokuqina kokugeleza ngaphakathi kwalesi sikrini, ikhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha ethobelayo. Idatha ingathunyelwa futhi igcinwe.
2.6.3.5Lawula Uhlelo Lokuthuthukisa Isofthiwe
Isoftware yokulawula yezinga eliphezulu (IPC) ithuthukiswe kusetshenziswa isoftware yokumisa. Uhlelo lokulawula lweleveli ephansi (i-PLC) oluhlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwesofthiwe yokumisa. Ihlinzeka nge-HMI, ukugqwayiza okuyingcaca kwesimo sesistimu, ukulawula okunembile. Ifaka ukuhambisana okuhle kwehadiwe nemisebenzi enamandla. Ithuthukiswe ngokushesha, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, isikhombikubona esinobungane.
Uhlelo lokucubungula idatha lokulinganiswa luthuthukiswe kusetshenziswa ikhodi yokulawula ye-VBA ye-Microsoft Office Excel. Isizindalwazi se-Microsoft SQL Server sigcina idatha yokulinganisa. Uhlelo lombiko olusekelwe ku-Excel lukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo imibiko futhi lulawule idatha.
Ukuboniswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, ukucutshungulwa okuzenzakalelayo, kulondoloza imiphumela nedatha eluhlaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe mathupha ukuqinisekisa ukunemba. Igcina amarekhodi kusizindalwazi ukuze abuze, aphrinte, aguqule, asuse.
Uhlelo lwesevisi yokuxhumana ngedatha lwakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-VB 6.0 SP6 ukuxhumana nezikali nezinye izinsimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa Nokugcinwa Kwesofthiwe: Kuyasebenziseka kalula, kuyalondolozeka kakhulu. Inikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo yonke ukuze ivumelane nezinguquko kumazinga/imithethonqubo noma izidingo zabasebenzisi.
2.7 Izinqubo Zokulungisa
2.7.1Ukugcinwa Kwephampu Ebalulekile
2.7.1.1Landela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza zephampu zokuqalisa, ukugijima, ukumisa. Gcina amarekhodi okusebenza.
2.7.1.2Hlola okokugcoba ezindaweni zokugcoba ishifti ngayinye uma uqhathanisa nemininingwane. Sebenzisa ngokuqinile.
2.7.1.3Hlola izinga lokushisa elithwalayo: ≤ izinga lokushisa elizungezile + 35°C; izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-roller ≤75°C; izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elinemikhono engu-≤70°C. Hlola ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-shift ngayinye.
2.7.1.4Hlola njalo ukuvuza kwe-shaft seal: Ukupakisha uphawu ~ amaconsi angu-10 / min; Mechanical seal: ukuvuza kwe-zero.
2.7.1.5Qaphela umfutho wephampu, amandla wamanje (okuvamile/okuzinzile) ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lalela umsindo/okungavamile. Bhekana nezinkinga ngokushesha.
2.7.2Lawula Ukugcinwa Kwesistimu
2.7.2.1Hlanza njalo uthuli oluvela kukhabethe lokulawula KUPHELA ngemva kokuba amandla EVALIWE.
2.7.2.2UNGASEBENZIsi ikhompuyutha esetshenziswayo ku-inthanethi noma izinhlelo ezingahlobene. Sebenzisa njalo ukuskena kwamagciwane futhi ubuyekeze isofthiwe ye-antivirus.
2.7.2.3Uma ufaka kabusha i-OS, YENZA ISIPELELE idatha elinganiselwe kuqala ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka.
2.7.2.4Qinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kanye nezintambo ezicacile zohlelo lokulawula.
2.7.3I-Pneumatic Clamping Device Maintenance
2.7.3.1Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, gcoba ishubhu yokwandisa ngamafutha enjini.
2.7.3.2Lapho usebenza epayipini elilodwa, VALA amavalvu okuhambisa komoya kwamanye amapayipi ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ezinye izinsimbi zingalayishwe, kuthinte isikhathi sokuphila.
2.7.3.3Ngaphambi komsebenzi, hlola imigqa yomoya ngokuvinjwa, ukuvuza. Khipha amanzi anqwabelene njalo emigqeni.
2.7.4Ukugcinwa Kwethangi Lamanzi
Hlanza ithangi njalo, shintsha amanzi ukuvikela udoti amaphampu alimazayo. Yenza ukwelashwa kwangaphakathi kokuqeda ukugqwala/ukugqwala minyaka yonke noma ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yamanzi.
2.7.5I-Air Eliminator/I-Filter Maintenance
Ibalulekile ekususeni umoya nokuhlunga. Hlanza njalo isici sokuhlunga sangaphakathi: Susa amabhawodi angaphezulu axhumayo, vula i-flange ephezulu, susa isihlungi, hlanza imfucumfucu esikrinini, faka esikhundleni, hlanganisa kabusha i-flange.
2.7.6Igumbi Lokulawula Nokulungiswa Kwegumbi Lephampu
2.7.6.1Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa/umswakama wegumbi uhlangabezana nezidingo. Gcina yomile futhi ihlanzekile.
2.7.6.2Vimbela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi egumbini lokupompa. Hlanza njalo.
2.7.6.3HLALE UVALE amandla amakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlanza, ukuqoqa, noma ukuhlola ukuze ugweme ukushaqeka nokulimala kukagesi.
Qaphela: Gcina amathuluzi asizayo azimele ngokwemanyuwali yawo.
2.8 Izinqubo Zokusebenza Kwezokuphepha
2.8.1Thuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngokuphepha. Ukwanda kokuqwashisa kunciphisa izingozi. Ukuqinisa ukuqwashisa, ukuhlonza izingozi, ukwazi nokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphepha yizona zindlela kuphela zokuqeda izingozi.
2.8.2UNGAYIphuli imithetho. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kwandulela izingozi; izingozi zibangelwa ukwephulwa komthetho. Ukunqamula amakhona ukuze kube lula, isivinini, noma umzamo kungaholela enhlekeleleni. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kumele kuqedwe.
2.8.3Finyelela ngempela "Ukulimaza Okuthathu": Ungazilimazi; Ungalimazi abanye; Ungalinyazwa abanye. Lokhu kuyisisekelo sokuphatha ukuphepha.
2.8.4Landela ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yesayithi. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingozi zokuphepha zinabantu abaqokiwe abanomthwalo wemfanelo.
2.8.5Ama-operators KUMELE aqeqeshwe ngaphambi kokusebenza. Kumelwe ifunde kahle futhi iqonde imithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa, imininingwane yokulinganisa, namabhukwana NGAPHAMBI kokuthi kugunyazwe ukusebenza.
2.8.6I-Calibration medium ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Faka esikhundleni samanzi asekelwe ekudaka ukuze uvimbele umonakalo wepompo kanye namamitha ajwayelekile okudala izingozi.
2.8.7Umkhumbi wokuzinzisa umkhumbi wengcindezi. UNGASHAYI noma uguqule. Gcina abasebenzi BEDE ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
2.8.8Lapho ufaka/ukhipha i-MUT, beka ngokuzinzile. UNGALOKOTHI ufake iminwe kuzixhumi noma ukuzwa izimbobo zesikulufu. Bamba izikhala ezinhlangothini lapho ubeka/ususa.
2.8.9Ngemva kokufaka/ukuthumela, UNGAQHQULI ngokuyimfihlo ukuze ugweme izingxenye ezilimazayo.
2.8.10UNGASHAYI esikhundleni somphathi wekhompyutha ngokuzenzakalelayo. UNGALINGE usebenzise i-inthanethi noma izinhlelo ezingahlobene. Skena amagciwane njalo futhi ubuyekeze isivikeli magciwane.
2.8.11UNGALOKOTHI ipulaki elishisayo/unqamule noma iyiphi itheminali noma ipulaki.
2.8.12UNGAWASUSI amafayela ekhophi yasenqolobaneni yesistimu yokusebenza.
2.8.13Uma usebenzisa umoya ocindezelweyo, hlola njalo amasistimu okukhipha umoya kanye namavalvu okuphepha ukuze uvimbele izintuba ezivalekile ezibangela ukucindezela ngokweqile emathangeni/olayini.
2.8.14Khomba imibhobho yomoya ezindaweni ezingenabantu, umhlabathi, noma isibhakabhaka. UNGALINGE ukhombe amathuluzi, abasebenzi, izindlela, noma indawo yokungena.
2.8.15HLALE UVALE amandla amakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlanza, ukuqoqa, noma ukuhlola. Ivimbela ukuxega kwengxenye, ukushaqeka kukagesi, nokulimala.
2.8.16Ngaphambi kokuhamba nsuku zonke, opharetha KUFANELE bahlole ukuthi iminyango/amafasitela namandla KUVALIWE yini, baqinisekise ukuphepha kwendawo.
2.9 Ukusebenza Nokugcinwa KweKhabhinethi Yokuguqula Imvamisa
2.9.1Ukusetshenziswa: Okokuqala hlola ikhabethe ukuze uthole imisindo engavamile/iphunga. Uma KULUNGILE, VULA iswishi yesilawuli esiyinhloko (Amandla VULIWE). Inkinobho eluhlaza (UKUVULA) ukukhanya ekhabetheni kuyakhanyisa, ifeni iyaqala, nokukhanya kwenkinobho ebomvu nakho kuvuliwe. Manje ukuqala/ukumisa kwepompo kungalawulwa ngekhompyutha. I-Voltmeter ibonisa ~ 380V, i-ammeter ibonisa ukusebenza kwamanje.
2.9.2I-Pump Start: Kumele iqale ngemodi ye-VFD. Sebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompyutha ukulungisa okukhiphayo kwe-VFD ukuze ushintshe isivinini semoto.
2.9.3UNGALOKOTHI usethe ngokuqondile imvamisa ye-VFD ukuthi ibe phezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza. I-inrush current iphezulu kakhulu, izinto ezingase zibe yingozi.
2.9.4Vala shaqa: Okokuqala misa zonke izinjini ngekhompyutha. BESE ucindezela inkinobho ebomvu (Vala Vala) kukhabhinethi kuze KUVALE wonke amalambu abomvu. Ekugcineni, VALA iswishi yommese wamandla amakhulu.
2.9.5Iknobhu yesikhethi semanuwali/esizenzakalelayo kanye namaqembu enkinobho yokuqalisa/yokumisa eshintshwayo ye-VFD/layini kukhabhinethi AKUnconyelwe ukulinganisa okuvamile. Ezokulungisa izinto zokusebenza kanye nokulungisa iphutha lephampu KUPHELA.
Uma ukulungisa iphutha kudinga ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-VFD (sethwe kumodi yokulawula iphaneli), bheka imanuwali ye-VFD.
2.9.6Ikhabethe lamandla kanye nezinjini zokupompa KUMELE zihlolwe njalo ngochwepheshe. Landela izinqubo zokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezingxenye zikagesi. Shintsha izingxenye ezilimele ngokushesha. Qinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile. Abasebenzi KUMELE balandele izinqubo. Qinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu!
2.10 Imanuwali Yokulungisa Izinsiza
Le manuwali icacisa imijikelezo yokulungiswa kwesikhungo, okuqukethwe, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Isebenza njengereferensi yabaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi abalungisayo. Imithombo ihlanganisa:
(1) Imishini ehambisana namamanuwali;
(2) Imithethonqubo yokulinganisa ukugeleza kanye neenkcukacha;
(3) Ukukhanda imishini kanye nezincwadi zereferensi yezobuchwepheshe.
2.10.1Umjikelezo Wesondlo
Ingalungiswa ngokusekelwe ekuqaphelweni kwesimo nesimo semishini.
Ithebula Lomjikelezo Wokulungisa:
| Into Yesondlo | Uhlobo Lokulungisa | Ukulungisa Okuncane | Ukulungisa Okukhulu |
| Iphampu ye-Centrifugal | Umjikelezo | 8 ~ 12 izinyanga | 12 ~ 24 izinyanga |
| I-Air Compressor | Umjikelezo | ||
| Izisetshenziswa Zenqubo | Umjikelezo | ||
| Isistimu yokulawula | Umjikelezo |
2.10.2Okuqukethwe Kwesondlo Nokulungisa
2.10.2.1Iphampu ye-Centrifugal
A. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokulungisa
| Inkinga | Imbangela Engenzeka | Ikhambi |
| Ipompo ayiqali | Uxhumano luphazanyisiwe | Hlola izintambo, lungisa uma kunesidingo |
| I-fuse eshaywayo | Faka esikhundleni i-fuse | |
| Ukuvikelwa kwezimoto kukhubekile | Hlola izilungiselelo zokuvikela, lungisa uma zingalungile | |
| Ukuvikelwa kwezimoto akushintshi, lawula iphutha | Hlola isilawuli sokuvikela imoto, silungise uma singalungile | |
| I-Motor ngeke iqale/iqale kanzima | I-Voltage/freq icishwe kakhulu ku-specc | Thuthukisa ukunikezwa kwamandla, hlola i-cable cross-section |
| Ukujikeleza okungalungile | Iphutha lokuxhumeka kwemoto | Shintshanisa izigaba ezimbili |
| Ukulahleka kwesivinini okukhulu ngaphansi komthwalo | Ukulayisha ngokweqile | Kala amandla, sebenzisa i-motor enkulu noma yehlisa umthwalo uma kunesidingo |
| Ukwehla kwe-voltage | Khulisa ukuphambana kwekhebula | |
| I-motor iyaduma, yamanje ephezulu | Isici sokusonga | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe professional |
| Ukuhlikihla Rotor | ||
| I-Fuse ishaya khona manjalo / Uhambo lwe-Prot | Isifunda esifushane | Lungisa isifunda esifushane |
| I-Motor short circuit | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe professional | |
| Iphutha lezintambo | Isekhethi elungile | |
| Iphutha le-motor ground | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe professional | |
| I-motor ishise ngokweqile (ikaliwe) | Ukulayisha ngokweqile | Kala amandla, sebenzisa i-motor enkulu noma yehlisa umthwalo uma kunesidingo |
| Ukupholisa okungekuhle | Thuthukisa ukugeleza komoya okupholisayo, izikhala ezihlanzekile, engeza ifeni ephoqelelwe uma kudingeka | |
| Izinga lokushisa le-ambient eliphezulu | Hlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile | |
| Ukuxhumeka okuxekethile (ukulahleka kwesigaba) | Ukuxhumana okungalungile okulungile | |
| I-fuse eshaywayo | Thola/lungisa imbangela (bona ngenhla), shintsha i-fuse |
B. Ukugcinwa Kwezisetshenziswa: Kuyafana Nesigaba2.7.1
2.10.2.3Izisetshenziswa Zezinqubo (Izinsimbi, I-Diverter, Amavalvu)
A. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokulungisa
| Inkinga | Imbangela Engenzeka | Ikhambi | |
| Bamba kanzima ukuze uqale | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Hlola ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Amandla okubamba anganele | |||
| Indawo yokukhweza ayizinzile | I-valve eyenziwa ngesandla ayisebenzi ngokugcwele | ||
| I-tube lubrication engalungile | Engeza amafutha nge-cylinder air inlet | ||
| Isilinda sonakele | Hlola futhi ufake esikhundleni | ||
| Isivinini se-clamp sishesha kakhulu/sihamba kancane | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Lungisa i-valve ye-throttle ye-inlet | |
| Umfutho womoya ophezulu | Lungisa i-valve ye-throttle ye-inlet | ||
| Isilinda sonakele | Hlola futhi ufake esikhundleni | ||
| Diverter kanzima ukuqala | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Hlola ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Isivinini sokushintsha kancane | |||
| Ukushintsha indawo akufinyelelwanga | Hlola i-valve ye-solenoid, ukulungisa | ||
| Ukuthambisa okungekuhle kwepayipi lokungena | Engeza amafutha nge-cylinder air inlet | ||
| Isilinda sonakele | Hlola futhi ufake esikhundleni | ||
| Isikhathi se-Diverter sihluka ngaphandle kokucaciswa | Ukushintsha kwesobunxele/kwesokudla akuvumelanisi | Lungisa izimbobo zokuphuma kwamavalvu e-solenoid | |
| Isihlangu sikagesi wesithombe asimi kahle | Hlola futhi ulungise indawo yesihlangu | ||
| I-valve inzima ukuqalisa | Umfutho womoya ophansi | Hlola ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Isivinini sokushintsha kancane | |||
| I-Actuator cylinder evuzayo | Shintsha izimvu zamanzi | |
| I-valve ye-Solenoid ayisebenzi | Hlola futhi ulungise |
B. Ukugcinwa Kwezisetshenziswa: Ngesigaba ngasinye2.7.3 kanye2.8.13.
2.10.2.4Isistimu yokulawula
A. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokulungisa
| Inkinga | Imbangela Engenzeka | Ikhambi |
| Iphutha lekhompyutha | Ikhompyutha ayisebenzi | Hlola futhi ulungise |
| Ikhebula livuliwe noma ukuthintana kabi | Hlola futhi ushintshe ikhebuli | |
| Ukuxhumana okuvulekile noma okungalungile | Shintsha itheminali | |
| Isofthiwe yesistimu yonakalisiwe | Faka kabusha isistimu ngemva kokusazisa | |
| Ayikho Idatha Yensimbi | I-Instrument-Control ukuxhumeka kwekhebhu kuvuliwe/kubi | Hlola izintambo namafuse Shintsha itheminali noma i-fuse Faka esikhundleni isidlulisi |
| Asikho Isibonisi Sesikhathi/Sokucindezela | Ikhebhu ye-Temp/Pressure Tx-Control evulekile/impofu | |
| Iphutha Lamandla Esiginali | Imojuli yamandla noma ikhebuli inephutha | Shintshanisa imojuli noma ikhebuli |
| Control Cab Ayikho Impendulo | Imbobo yekhebhu yokulawula noma ikhebuli yonakele | Shintsha itheminali yekhebhu noma ikhebula |
- Lawula Ukugcinwa Kwesistimu:
- Njalo yenza ukususwa kothuli okuvamile ekhabetheni lokulawula ngokuqinile lapho ugesi unqanyulwa.
- Ungayisebenzisi ikhompuyutha yale nto ukuze uthole i-inthanethi noma ufake noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezingahlobene nomsebenzi; yenza ukuskena kwamagciwane ngesikhathi futhi ugcine isofthiwe ye-antivirus ibuyekeziwe.
- Uma ufaka kabusha isistimu, qinisekisa ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha elinganisiwe ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka kwedatha yokuqinisekisa.
- Qinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kanye namasekhethi angavimbekile esistimu yokulawula.
- Hlola njalo izintambo zesignali kuphaneli ye-I/O yekhabhinethi yokulawula. Qinisa noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okuxekethile nge-screwdriver enekhanda eliyisicaba.
- Qinisekisa ngezikhathi ezithile uma amaswishi/amafindo kuphaneli yokulawula ezungeza ngokuvamile. Uma kwenzeka ukushelela, hlola izikulufo zokulungisa ezixegayo futhi uziqinise; buyisela uma konakele.
- Sula ugesi omile ku-earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) nyanga zonke.
2.10.2.5Hlola Run & Ukwamukela
A. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokuhlola: Qinisekisa ukuqedwa kokulungisa, ikhwalithi, amarekhodi; indawo ehlanzekile; amathuluzi/ukulawula/izikhiya zisuswe iphutha; isistimu kawoyela egcwele; umoya okhipha umoya/ukhishiwe; isistimu kagesi ilungisiwe/inikwe amandla; amathuluzi alungile.
B. Ukuhlolwa Kokugijima: Ukuhlolwa okungalayishiwe; qinisekisa uwoyela/amanzi/umoya/izinhlelo zikagesi/izinsimbi ezijwayelekile; sebenzisa amahora angama-72 ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngaphambi kokwamukelwa; ukwamukelwa okusayinwe ngabasebenzi abafanelekile.