- Sebenzisa indlela yesikhombi sento encane ukwethula amapharamitha womsebenzi we-layisha iseli. Indlela evamile ukusebenzisa inkomba yento encane. Inzuzo ukuthi incazelo engokomzimba icacile, futhi isisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi, futhi abantu abaningi bajwayelene nayo. Manje siklelisa izinto zayo eziyinhloko kanje: *Inani eliphezulu lomkhawulo lohlu lwesisindo olunikezwe umenzi wamandla olinganiselwe.
*Okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe (ukuzwela)
Umehluko phakathi kwesignali yokuphumayo yenzwa lapho umthwalo olinganiselwe usetshenziswa nalapho kungekho mthwalo. Njengoba isignali ephumayo yeseli yomthwalo ihlobene ne-voltage evuselelayo esetshenzisiwe, iyunithi yokukhipha okulinganiselwe ivezwa nge-mV/V. Futhi ukubiza ukuzwela.
*Ukubekezelela Ukuzwela
Iphesenti lomehluko phakathi kokukhiphayo okuzinzile kwangempela kwenzwa kanye nokuphumayo okulinganiselwe kwegama okuhambisanayo kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe ngokwezinjongo. Isibonelo, okukhiphayo kwangempela okulinganiselwe kweseli lomthwalo ngu-2.002mV/V, futhi okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo ngu-2mV/V, bese ukubekezelela ukuzwela kube: ((2.002-2.000)/2.000) *100%=0.1%
*Nku-inthanethi
Ukuchezuka okukhulu phakathi komugqa oqondile okunqunywa inani eliphumayo lokungabikho komthwalo kanye nenani lokukhiphayo kumthwalo olinganiselwe kanye nejika elilinganiselwe lomthwalo okhulayo iphesenti yenani lokukhiphayo elilinganiselwe.
*LagTukubekezelelana
Layisha kancane kancane ukusuka ekungalayishweni kuye kumthwalo olinganiselwe bese wehlisa kancane kancane. Iphesenti lomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokulayisha nokukhipha okukhiphayo endaweni efanayo yokulayisha kunani elilinganiselwe lokukhiphayo.
*UkuphindaphindaEiphutha
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zemvelo, layisha ngokuphindaphindiwe inzwa kumthwalo olinganiselwe futhi uyikhiphe. Iphesenti lomehluko omkhulu wevelu yokuphumayo endaweni efanayo yokulayisha phakathi nenqubo yokulayisha kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe.
*Creep
Uma umthwalo ungaguquki (ngokuvamile othathwa njengomthwalo olinganiselwe) nezinye izimo zokuhlola zihlala zingashintshiwe, iphesenti lokuphuma kweseli lomthwalo liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuya kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe.
*ZiroOumphumela
Ngaphansi kwesasasa le-voltage elinconyiwe, inani lokukhiphayo lenzwa lingamaphesenti okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe uma kungekho mthwalo osetshenziswayo.
*I-InsulationRukuphikisa
Inani lokumelana ne-DC phakathi kwesekhethi yenzwa ne-elastomer.
*InputRukuphikisa
Uma itheminali yokuphuma kwesignali iyisekhethi evulekile futhi inzwa ingalayishwanga, inani le-impedance likalwa kusukela kutheminali yokufaka evusa amadlingozi kagesi.
*Ukuphazamiseka kokuphumayo
I-impedance ilinganiswa kusukela kutheminali yokuphumayo kwesignali lapho itheminali yokufaka isisusa samandla iyisiyingi esifushane futhi inzwa ingalayishwa.
*Izinga lokushisaCimbuyiseloRintukuthelo
Ngaphakathi kwalolu banga lokushisa, okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe kwenzwa kanye nebhalansi enguziro kunxeshezelwa ngokuqinile ukuze kungeqi ububanzi obushiwo.
*Ithonya leZeroTumkhathi
Izinguquko zebhalansi enguziro ezibangelwa izinguquko kuzinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ngokuvamile, ivezwa njengephesenti loshintsho lwebhalansi enguziro kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngo-10K.
*Ithonya leRatedOumphumelaTumkhathi
Ukushintsha kokukhiphayo okulinganiselwe okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient.
Ngokuvamile, ivezwa njengephesenti lokuphumayo okulinganiselwe koshintsho lokuphumayo olulinganiselwe olubangelwa zonke izinguquko ezingu-10K kuzinga lokushisa.
*IyasebenzaTumkhathiRintukuthelo
Inzwa ngeke ikhiqize izinguquko eziyingozi ezingapheli kunoma yimiphi imingcele yokusebenza kwayo ngaphakathi kwalolu banga lokushisa
2. Imigomo esetshenziswe kokuthi "Isincomo Samazwe Ngamazwe No. OIML60". Ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwango-1992 lwe-"OIML No. 60 International Proposal", bheka imingcele emisha yezobuchwepheshe ye-"JJG669--90 Load Verification Verification Regulations":
* LayishaCellOumphumela
Isilinganiso (isisindo) esitholakala ngokuguqulwa kweseli lomthwalo singalinganiswa.
*Ukuthweswa iziquVawu kweLi-odCell
Ubukhulu bengxenye eyodwa ngemva kobubanzi bokulinganisa beseli yomthwalo buhlukaniswe izingxenye ezilinganayo.
*UkuqinisekisaDumbonoVawu kweLi-odCnjalo (V)
Ngenhloso yokugreda ukunemba, inani lesikali seseli lomthwalo elivezwe ngamayunithi amaningi lisetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kweseli lomthwalo.
*IMokungenaniVukuqinisekiswaDumbonoVawu kweLi-odCell (Vmin)
Ububanzi bokulinganisa beseli lomthwalo bungahlukaniswa ngenani elincane lokuhlukanisa lokuqinisekisa.
*OkungenaniSi-taticLi-oad (Fsmin)
Inani eliphansi lesisindo elingasetshenziswa kuseli lokulayisha ngaphandle kokweqa umkhawulo wephutha elivumelekile.
*UbukhuluWeghing
Inani eliphakeme lesisindo elingasetshenziswa kuseli lokulayisha ngaphandle kokweqa umkhawulo wephutha elivumelekile.
* Okungaqondile (L)
Ukuchezuka phakathi kwejika lokulinganiswa kwenqubo yeseli yomthwalo kanye nomugqa oqondile wethiyori.
*LagEi-rror (H)
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokufundwa kokuphumayo kweseli yomthwalo lapho kusetshenziswa izinga elifanayo lomthwalo; enye yazo iwukufunda kwenqubo kusukela kumthwalo omncane omile, kanti enye iwukufunda okubuyayo kusukela esikalini esiphezulu.
*Ukuhamba (Cp)
Lapho umthwalo ungaguquki futhi zonke izimo zemvelo nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo nazo zibanjwa njalo, ushintsho ekuphumeni okugcwele komthwalo weseli lomthwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
*OkungenaniSi-taticLi-odOumphumelaRi-ecoveryPi-lant (CrFsmin)
Ngaphambi kokuthi kusetshenziswe umthwalo 1. Lapho wethula amapharamitha wobuchwepheshe weseli lomthwalo ngendlela yokumelela inkomba yento engaphansi, indlela evamile iwukusebenzisa inkomba yento encane. Inzuzo ukuthi incazelo engokomzimba icacile, futhi isisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi, futhi abantu abaningi bajwayelene nayo. Manje siklelisa izinto zayo eziyinhloko kanje: *Inani eliphezulu lomkhawulo lohlu lwesisindo olunikezwe umenzi wamandla olinganiselwe.
*KukaliweOokukhiphayo (ukuzwela)
Umehluko phakathi kwesignali yokuphumayo yenzwa lapho umthwalo olinganiselwe usetshenziswa nalapho kungekho mthwalo. Njengoba isignali ephumayo yeseli yomthwalo ihlobene ne-voltage evuselelayo esetshenzisiwe, iyunithi yokukhipha okulinganiselwe ivezwa nge-mV/V. Futhi ukubiza ukuzwela.
*Ukubekezelela Ukuzwela
Iphesenti lomehluko phakathi kokukhiphayo okuzinzile kwangempela kwenzwa kanye nokuphumayo okulinganiselwe kwegama okuhambisanayo kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe ngokwezinjongo. Isibonelo, okukhiphayo kwangempela okulinganiselwe kweseli lomthwalo ngu-2.002mV/V, futhi okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe okujwayelekile okuhambisanayo ngu-2mV/V, bese ukubekezelela ukuzwela kube: ((2.002-2.000)/2.000) *100%=0.1%
*Nku-inthanethi
Ukuchezuka okukhulu phakathi komugqa oqondile okunqunywa inani eliphumayo lokungabikho komthwalo kanye nenani lokukhiphayo kumthwalo olinganiselwe kanye nejika elilinganiselwe lomthwalo okhulayo iphesenti yenani lokukhiphayo elilinganiselwe.
*LagTukubekezelelana
Layisha kancane kancane ukusuka ekungalayishweni kuye kumthwalo olinganiselwe bese wehlisa kancane kancane. Iphesenti lomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokulayisha nokukhipha okukhiphayo endaweni efanayo yokulayisha kunani elilinganiselwe lokukhiphayo.
*UkuphindaphindaEiphutha
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zemvelo, layisha ngokuphindaphindiwe inzwa kumthwalo olinganiselwe futhi uyikhiphe. Iphesenti lomehluko omkhulu wevelu yokuphumayo endaweni efanayo yokulayisha phakathi nenqubo yokulayisha kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe.
*Creep
Uma umthwalo ungaguquki (ngokuvamile othathwa njengomthwalo olinganiselwe) nezinye izimo zokuhlola zihlala zingashintshiwe, iphesenti lokuphuma kweseli lomthwalo liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuya kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe.
*ZiroOumphumela
Ngaphansi kwesasasa le-voltage elinconyiwe, inani lokukhiphayo lenzwa lingamaphesenti okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe uma kungekho mthwalo osetshenziswayo.
*I-InsulationRukuphikisa
Inani lokumelana ne-DC phakathi kwesekhethi yenzwa ne-elastomer.
*InputRukuphikisa
Uma itheminali yokuphuma kwesignali iyisekhethi evulekile futhi inzwa ingalayishwanga, inani le-impedance likalwa kusukela kutheminali yokufaka evusa amadlingozi kagesi.
*Ukuphazamiseka kokuphumayo
I-impedance ilinganiswa kusukela kutheminali yokuphumayo kwesignali lapho itheminali yokufaka isisusa samandla iyisiyingi esifushane futhi inzwa ingalayishwa.
*Izinga lokushisaCimbuyiseloRintukuthelo
Ngaphakathi kwalolu banga lokushisa, okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe kwenzwa kanye nebhalansi enguziro kunxeshezelwa ngokuqinile ukuze kungeqi ububanzi obushiwo.
*Ithonya leZeroTumkhathi
Izinguquko zebhalansi enguziro ezibangelwa izinguquko kuzinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ngokuvamile, ivezwa njengephesenti loshintsho lwebhalansi enguziro kokuphumayo okulinganiselwe lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngo-10K.
*Ithonya leRatedOumphumelaTumkhathi
Ukushintsha kokukhiphayo okulinganiselwe okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient.
Ngokuvamile, ivezwa njengephesenti lokuphumayo okulinganiselwe koshintsho lokuphumayo olulinganiselwe olubangelwa zonke izinguquko ezingu-10K kuzinga lokushisa.
*IyasebenzaTumkhathiRintukuthelo
Inzwa ngeke ikhiqize izinguquko eziyingozi ezingapheli kunoma yimiphi imingcele yokusebenza kwayo ngaphakathi kwalolu banga lokushisa
2. Imigomo esetshenziswe kokuthi "Isincomo Samazwe Ngamazwe No. OIML60". Ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwango-1992 lwe-"OIML No. 60 International Proposal", bheka imingcele emisha yezobuchwepheshe ye-"JJG669--90 Load Verification Verification Regulations":
* LayishaCellOumphumela
Isilinganiso (isisindo) esitholakala ngokuguqulwa kweseli lomthwalo singalinganiswa.
*Ukuthweswa iziquVawu kweLi-odCell
Ubukhulu bengxenye eyodwa ngemva kobubanzi bokulinganisa beseli yomthwalo buhlukaniswe izingxenye ezilinganayo.
*UkuqinisekisaDumbonoVawu kweLi-odCnjalo (V)
Ngenhloso yokugreda ukunemba, inani lesikali seseli lomthwalo elivezwe ngamayunithi amaningi lisetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kweseli lomthwalo.
*IsisindoSi-ensor*OkuncaneVukuqinisekiswaDumbonoVi-alue (Vmin)
Inani eliphansi lesikali sokuqinisekisa elingakalwa ngalo ibanga lokulinganisa iseli yomthwalo.
*OkungenaniSi-taticLi-oad (Fsmin)
Inani eliphansi lesisindo elingasetshenziswa kuseli lokulayisha ngaphandle kokweqa umkhawulo wephutha elivunyelwe.
*UbukhuluWeghing
Inani eliphakeme lesisindo elingasetshenziswa kuseli lokulayisha ngaphandle kokweqa umkhawulo wephutha elivunyelwe.
* Okungaqondile (L)
Ukuchezuka phakathi kwejika lokulinganiswa kwenqubo yeseli yomthwalo kanye nomugqa oqondile wethiyori.
*LagEi-rror (H)
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokufundwa kokuphumayo kweseli yomthwalo lapho izinga elifanayo lomthwalo lisebenzad. OI-ne yazo iwuhlelo lokufunda oluqala kumthwalo omncane omile, kanti enye iwukufunda okubuyayo okuqala esikalini esiphezulu.
*Ukuhamba (Cp)
Lapho umthwalo ungaguquki futhi zonke izimo zemvelo nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo nazo zibanjwa njalo, ushintsho ekuphumeni okugcwele komthwalo weseli lomthwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
*OkungenaniSi-taticLi-odOumphumelaRi-ecoveryPi-lant (CrFsmin)
Umehluko phakathi komthamo omncane okhiphayo womthwalo omile weseli lomthwalo elilinganiswa ngaphambi nangemuva kokusetshenziswa komthwalo.
*UkuphindaphindaEiphutha (R)
Ngaphansi komthwalo ofanayo nezimo ezifanayo zemvelo, umehluko phakathi kokufundwa kokuphumayo kweseli lomthwalo elitholwe kusukela ekuhloleni okulandelanayo okuningana.
*IIukufutheka kweTemperature kuMokungenaniSi-taticLi-odOi-output (Fsmin)
Ushintsho phakathi komthamo omncane okhiphayo omile ngenxa yoshintsho lwezinga lokushisa elizungezile.
*Ithonya leTi-emperature ivuliweOumphumelaSukuzwela (St)
Izinguquko ekuzweleni kokuphumayo ngenxa yezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa elizungezile.
*UkulinganisaRingi ye Li-odCell
Ibanga lenani elilinganisiwe (ikhwalithi) lapho umphumela wokulinganisa ungeke weqe umkhawulo wephutha elivumelekile.
*KuphephileLimitLod
Ubukhulu bomthwalo obungasetshenziswa kuseli lokulayisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, iseli lomthwalo ngeke likhiqize ukukhukhuleka unomphela ngale kwevelu elishiwo ngokwezici zokusebenza.
*Ithonya leTumbuso kanyeHumidity onMokungenaniSi-taticLi-odOi-output (FsminH)
Ukushintsha kokuphuma komthwalo omncane omile ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.
*Ithonya leTumbuso kanyeHumidity onOumphumelaSukuzwela
Izinguquko ekuzweleni kokuphumayo ngenxa yezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa nomswakama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-"JJG699-90 Load Verification Regulations", ipharamitha yezobuchwepheshe nayo ibaliwe, okungukuthi.
*OkungenaniLi-oad (Fmin)
Inani lesisindo eliseduze nomthwalo omncane omile weseli lomthwalo elingafinyelelwa idivayisi ekhiqiza amandla.
Kungenxa yokuthi isilinganiso senzwa sihlala senziwa ku-dynamometer, futhi kunzima ukukala ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwephoyinti elincane lomthwalo omile. Elinye iphuzu, "Isiphakamiso Samazwe Ngamazwe Se-OIML60" sakhelwe ngokukhethekile amaseli omthwalo, futhi indawo yawo yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwamaseli omthwalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko zamathuluzi okukala.
, ngemva kokulinganisa umehluko phakathi komthamo omncane okhishwayo omile weseli yomthwalo.
*UkuphindaphindaEiphutha (R)
Ngaphansi komthwalo ofanayo nezimo ezifanayo zemvelo, umehluko phakathi kokufundwa kokuphumayo kweseli lomthwalo elitholwe kusukela ekuhloleni okulandelanayo okuningana.
*IIukufutheka kweTemperature kuMokungenaniSi-taticLi-odOi-output (Fsmin)
Ushintsho phakathi komthamo omncane okhiphayo omile ngenxa yoshintsho lwezinga lokushisa elizungezile.
*Ithonya leTi-emperature ivuliweOumphumelaSukuzwela (St)
Izinguquko ekuzweleni kokuphumayo ngenxa yezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa elizungezile.
*UkulinganisaRingi yeLi-odCell
Ibanga lenani elilinganisiwe (ikhwalithi) lapho umphumela wokulinganisa ungeke weqe umkhawulo wephutha elivumelekile.
*KuphephileLimitLod
Ubukhulu bomthwalo obungasetshenziswa kuseli lokulayisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, iseli lomthwalo ngeke likhiqize ukukhukhuleka unomphela ngale kwevelu elishiwo ngokwezici zokusebenza.
*Ithonya leTumbuso kanyeHumidity onMokungenaniSi-taticLi-odOi-output (FsminH)
Ukushintsha kokuphuma komthwalo omncane omile ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.
*Ithonya leTumbuso kanyeHumidity onOumphumelaSukuzwela
Izinguquko ekuzweleni kokuphumayo ngenxa yezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa nomswakama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-"JJG699-90 Load Verification Regulations", ipharamitha yezobuchwepheshe nayo ibaliwe..
*OkungenaniLi-oad (Fmin)
Inani lesisindo eliseduze nomthwalo omncane omile weseli lomthwalo elingafinyelelwa idivayisi ekhiqiza amandla.
Kungenxa yokuthi isilinganiso senzwa sihlala senziwa ku-dynamometer, futhi kunzima ukukala ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwephoyinti elincane lomthwalo omile. Elinye iphuzu, "Isiphakamiso Samazwe Ngamazwe Se-OIML60" sakhelwe ngokukhethekile amaseli omthwalo, futhi indawo yawo yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwamaseli omthwalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko zamathuluzi okukala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2023