Izilinganiso ezisetshenziselwa ukukhokhelana kwezohwebo zihlukaniswa njengamathuluzi okulinganisa angaphansi kokuqinisekiswa okuyimpoqo nguhulumeni ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izikali ze-crane, izikali zebhentshi ezincane, izikali zepulatifomu, nemikhiqizo yesikali samaloli. Noma yisiphi isikali esisetshenziselwa ukukhokhelana kwezohwebo kufanele siqinisekiswe ngokuyimpoqo; ngaphandle kwalokho, izinhlawulo zingabekwa. Ukuqinisekisa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana neJJG 539-2016Umthethonqubo wokuqinisekisaokweI-Digital Ebonisa Izikali, engasetshenziswa futhi ekuqinisekiseni izikali zamaloli. Kodwa-ke, kunomunye umthethonqubo wokuqinisekisa oqondene ngqo nezikali zamaloli okungenzeka zikhonjwe:JJG 1118-2015Umthethonqubo wokuqinisekisaokweI-elekthronikhiIzikali zamaloli(Layisha Indlela Yeseli). Ukukhetha phakathi kokubili kuncike esimweni sangempela, nakuba ezimweni eziningi ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-JJG 539-2016.
Ku-JJG 539-2016, incazelo yezikali imi kanje:
Kulo Mthethonqubo, igama elithi “isikali” libhekisela ohlotsheni lwensimbi yokukala engeyona ezenzakalelayo (NAWI).
Isimiso: Uma umthwalo ubekwe kwi-receptor yomthwalo, inzwa yokukala (iseli yomthwalo) ikhiqiza isignali kagesi. Le signali ibe isiguqulwa futhi isetshenzwe idivayisi yokucubungula idatha, futhi umphumela wokukala uboniswa idivayisi ekhombisayo.
Isakhiwo: Isikali siqukethe isamukeli somthwalo, iseli lomthwalo, kanye nenkomba yokukala. Kungaba ukwakhiwa okubalulekile noma ukwakhiwa kwe-modular.
Isicelo: Lezi zilinganiso zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukala nezilinganiso zezimpahla, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwezentengiselwano, amachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nempahla, i-metallurgy, kanye namabhizinisi ezimboni.
Izinhlobo zezikali ezikhombisa idijithali: Ibhentshi le-elekthronikhi nezikali zeplathifomu (ezibizwa ngokuhlanganyela njengezikali ze-electronic bench/platform), ezihlanganisa: Izikali zokubala amanani, Izikali zokulinganisa kuphela, Izikali zebhakhodi, Izilinganiso zokubala, Izikali zokuhlukanisa okuningi, Izikali zezikhawu eziningi kanye nokunye;Izikali ze-electronic crane, ezihlanganisa: Izikali Hook, Izikali ze-hook ezilengayo, Izikali ezihamba phezulu ze-crane, Izikali ze-Monorail kanye nokunye;Izikali zikagesi ezilungisiwe, ezifaka: Izikali zomgodi we-elekthronikhi, Izilinganiso ze-electronic surface-mounted, Izilinganiso ze-electron hopper kanye nokunye.
Akungabazeki ukuthi amathuluzi okukala amakhulu afana nezikali zomgodi noma izikali zamaloli ziyingxenye yezilinganiso zikagesi ezingaguquki, ngakho-ke zingaqinisekiswa ngokuhambisana ne-Umthethonqubo wokuqinisekisaokweI-Digital Ebonisa Izikali(JJG 539-2016). Ezikalini zomthamo omncane, ukulayisha nokukhipha izisindo ezijwayelekile kulula. Nokho, ezikalini ezinkulu ezikala amamitha angu-3 × 18 noma amandla angaphezu kwamathani ayi-100, ukusebenza kuba nzima kakhulu. Ukulandela ngokuqinile izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ze-JJG 539 kubangela izinselele ezinkulu, futhi ezinye izidingo zingase zingenzeki. Ezilinganisweni zamaloli, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-metrological ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izinto ezinhlanu: Ukunemba kokusetha iqanda kanye nokunemba kwe-tare., I-Eccentric load (umthwalo ongekho maphakathi), Ukukala, Isisindo emva kokhula, Ukuphindaphinda nokubandlulula ububanzi. Phakathi kwalokhu, umthwalo we-eccentric, isisindo, isisindo emva kokhula, nokuphindaphinda kudla isikhathi ikakhulukazi.Uma izinqubo zilandelwa ngokuqinile, kungase kungenzeki ukuqedela ukuqinisekiswa kwesikali seloli elilodwa phakathi nosuku olulodwa. Ngisho noma ukuphindaphinda kuhle, okuvumela ukuncishiswa kwenani lezisindo zokuhlola nokushintshwa okuyingxenye, inqubo ihlala iyinselele impela.
7.1 Amathuluzi Ajwayelekile Okuqinisekisa
7.1.1 Isisindo Esijwayelekile
7.1.1.1 Izisindo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa kufanele zihambisane nezidingo ze-metrological ezishiwo ku-JG99, futhi amaphutha azo angeke eqe u-1/3 wephutha elikhulu elivumelekile lomthwalo ohambisanayo njengoba kuchazwe kuThebula lesi-3.
7.1.1.2 Inani lezisindo ezijwayelekile lizokwanela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuqinisekisa zesikali.
7.1.1.3 Izisindo ezijwayelekile ezengeziwe zizohlinzekwa ukuze zisetshenziswe nendlela yephoyinti lokulayisha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha okuzungeza.
7.1.2 Ukushintshanisa Izisindo Ezijwayelekile
Lapho isikali siqinisekiswa endaweni yaso yokusetshenziswa, shintsha imithwalo (ezinye izixuku
ezinezisindo ezizinzile nezaziwayo) zingase zisetshenziswe esikhundleni sengxenye yezinga
izisindo:
Uma ukuphindaphinda kwesikali kudlula u-0.3e, isisindo sezisindo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-1/2 womthamo wesikali esiphezulu;
Uma ukuphindaphinda kwesilinganiso kukhulu kuno-0.2e kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.3e, isisindo sezisindo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenzisiwe singancishiswa sibe ngu-1/3 womthamo wesikali esiphezulu;
Uma ukuphindaphinda kwesikali kungeqi ku-0.2e, isisindo sezisindo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenzisiwe singancishiswa sibe ngu-1/5 womthamo wesikali esiphezulu.
Ukuphindaphinda okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kunqunywa ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ocishe ube ngu-1/2 womthamo wesilinganiso esiphezulu (kungaba izisindo ezijwayelekile noma esinye isisindo esinesisindo esizinzile) esamukelisweni somthwalo izikhathi ezintathu.
Uma ukuphindaphinda kungena ngaphakathi kuka-0.2e–0.3e / 10–15 kg, inani lamathani angu-33 wesisindo esijwayelekile liyadingeka. Uma ukuphindaphinda kudlula i-15 kg, khona-ke amathani angama-50 wesisindo ayadingeka. Kungaba nzima ukuthi isikhungo sokuqinisekisa ilethe amathani angama-50 ezisindo esizeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikali. Uma kulethwa amathani angama-20 kuphela ezisindo, kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi ukuphindaphinda kwesikali se-100-ton simisiwe ukuze singadluli ku-0.2e / 10 kg. Ukuthi ukuphindaphinda kwe-10 kg kungafinyelelwa kuyangabazeka, futhi wonke umuntu angaba nombono wezinselele ezingokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba inani eliphelele lezisindo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenzisiwe lincishisiwe, imithwalo yokuthatha indawo yesibili kusafanele ikhuliswe ngokulinganayo, ukuze isamba somthwalo wokuhlola sihlale singashintshiwe.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwamaphuzu Okukala
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikali, kufanele kukhethwe okungenani amaphuzu amahlanu okulayisha ahlukene. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye umthamo wesilinganiso esiphansi, umthamo wesikali esiphezulu, namanani omthwalo ahambisana nezinguquko zephutha elikhulu elivunyelwe, okungukuthi, amaphuzu okunemba amaphakathi: 500e kanye no-2000e. Esikalini samaloli esingamathani ayi-100, lapho u-e = 50 kg, lokhu kuhambisana nalokhu: 500e = 25 t, 2000e = 100 t. Iphoyinti le-2000e limelela umthamo wesilinganiso esiphezulu, futhi ukuvivinya kungase kube nzima ekusebenzeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho,isisindo emva kokhulakudinga ukuphinda ukuqinisekiswa kuwo wonke amaphuzu amahlanu okulayisha. Ungawubukeli phansi umthwalo womsebenzi ohilelekile ezindaweni zokuqapha ezinhlanu—umsebenzi wangempela wokulayisha nokulayisha mkhulu kakhulu.
2. Isivivinyo Somthwalo We-Eccentric
7.5.11.2 I-Eccentric Load kanye Nendawo
a) Ezikalini ezinamaphoyinti okusekela angaphezu kwama-4 (N > 4): Umthwalo osetshenziswa endaweni ngayinye yokusekela kufanele ulingane no-1/(N–1) wesilinganiso esiphezulu somthamo. Izisindo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokulandelana ngaphezu kwephoyinti ngalinye lokusekela, endaweni ecishe ilingane no-1/N yesamukeli somthwalo. Uma amaphuzu amabili okusekela esondelene kakhulu, ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla kungase kube nzima. Kulokhu, umthwalo ophindwe kabili ungasetshenziswa endaweni ephindwe kabili yebanga eduze komugqa oxhuma amaphuzu amabili okusekela.
b) Ezikalini ezinamaphoyinti okusekela angu-4 noma ambalwa (N ≤ 4): Umthwalo osetshenzisiwe kufanele ulingane ne-1/3 yomthamo wesikali esiphezulu.
Izisindo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokulandelana endaweni ecishe ilingane ne-1/4 yesamukeli somthwalo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 noma ukulungiselelwa okucishe kulingane nomfanekiso 1.
Esikalini samaloli esingamathani angu-100 esikala amamitha angu-3 × 18, ngokuvamile kunamaseli omthwalo ayisishiyagalombili. Ukuhlukanisa isamba somthwalo ngokulinganayo, amathani angu-100 ÷ 7 ≈ 14.28 (cishe amathani angu-14) kuzodingeka asetshenziswe endaweni ngayinye yokusekela. Kunzima kakhulu ukubeka amathani angu-14 ezisindo endaweni ngayinye yokusekela. Ngisho noma izisindo zingapakishwa ngokoqobo, ukulayisha nokukhipha izisindo ezinkulu kangaka kuhilela umsebenzi omkhulu.
3. Indlela Yokulayisha Yokuqinisekisa vs. Ukulayisha Okwangempela Kokusebenza
Ngokombono wezindlela zokulayisha, ukuqinisekiswa kwezikali zamaloli kuyefana nalokho kwezikali zomthamo omncane. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqinisekisa izikali zamaloli esizeni, izisindo zivame ukuphakanyiswa futhi zibekwe ngokuqondile endaweni yesikali, efana nenqubo esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri. Le ndlela yokufaka umthwalo ihluke kakhulu ekulayisheni kwangempela kokusebenza kwesikali samaloli. Ukubekwa okuqondile kwezisindo eziphakanyisiwe kuplathifomu yesikali akukhiqizi amandla okuthonya avundlile, akubandakanyi amadivaysi okumisa angemuva noma ubude besikala, futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthola imiphumela yemizila eqondile yokungena/yokuphuma kanye nemishini yokumisa i-longitudinal kuzo zombili iziphetho zesikalo ekusebenzeni kwesisindo.
Empeleni, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-metrological kusetshenziswa le ndlela akubonisi ngokugcwele ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa okusekelwe kuphela kule ndlela yokulayisha engamele mancane amathuba okuthi kutholwe ukusebenza kwe-metrological yangempela ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokusebenza.
Ngokusho kwe-JJG 539-2016Umthethonqubo wokuqinisekisaokweI-Digital Ebonisa Izikali, ukusebenzisa izisindo ezijwayelekile noma izisindo ezijwayelekile kanye nezishintshayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izikali zomthamo omkhulu kuhilela izinselele ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa: Umsebenzi omkhulu, Umfutho wemisebenzi ephezulu, Izindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu zezisindo, Isikhathi eside sokuqinisekisa, Izingozi zokuphephakanye nokunye.Lezi zici zidala ubunzima obukhulu bokuqinisekisa kusayithi. Ngo-2011, i-Fujian Institute of Metrology yenza iphrojekthi kazwelonke ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwezinsimbi zesayensiUkuthuthukiswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinsimbi Zokukala Okunembe Kakhulu Zokukala Izikali. I-Weighing Scale Load Measuring Instrument ethuthukisiwe iyithuluzi elisizayo elizimele lokuqinisekisa elithobela i-OIML R76, elivumela ukuqinisekiswa okunembile, okusheshayo, nokufanelekile kwanoma iyiphi indawo yokulayisha, okuhlanganisa isikali esigcwele, nezinye izinto zokuqinisekisa zezikali zeloli likagesi. Ngokusekelwe kuleli thuluzi, JJG 1118-2015Umthethonqubo wokuqinisekisaokweIzikali zeloli likagesi (Indlela Yensimbi Yokukala Ukulayisha)yaqalwa ngokusemthethweni mhla zingama-24 kuLwezi, 2015.
Zombili izindlela zokuqinisekisa zinezinzuzo kanye nezinkinga zazo, futhi ukukhetha ngokusebenza kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwemithetho emibili yokuqinisekisa:
JJG 539-2016 Izinzuzo: 1. Isebenzisa imithwalo evamile noma okunye esikhundleni kangcono kunekilasi le-M2,okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kokuqinisekisa kwe Izikali zamaloli kagesi zifinyelela ku-500–10,000.2. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile anomjikelezo wokuqinisekisa wonyaka owodwa, futhi ukulandeleka kwamathuluzi ajwayelekile kungaqedelwa endaweni kumasipala noma ezikhungweni ze-metrology ezingeni lesifunda.
Ububi: Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kanye nomfutho wemisebenzi ephezulu; Izindleko eziphezulu zokulayisha, ukuthulula, nokuthutha izisindo; Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi nokusebenza kabi kokuphepha; Isikhathi eside sokuqinisekisa; ukubambelela okuqinile kungase kube nzima ekusebenzeni.
JJG 1118 Izinzuzo: 1. I-Weighing Scale Load Measument Instrument kanye nezinsiza zayo zingathuthelwa kusayithi ngemoto eyodwa enama-asi amabili.2. Amandla okusebenza aphansi, izindleko zokuthutha umthwalo ophansi, ukusebenza kahle kokuqinisekisa okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuphepha, kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuqinisekisa.3. Asikho isidingo sokukhipha/ukulayisha kabusha ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
Ububi: 1. Ukusebenzisa I-Electronic Truck Scale (Indlela Yensimbi Yokukala Umthwalo),isigaba sokuqinisekisa singafinyelela kuphela ku-500–3,000.2. Isikali seloli le-elekthronikhi kufanele sifake i-reaction force device (i-cantilever beam) exhunywe kuzinsika (izinsimbi zikakhonkolo ezingashintshi noma izinsimbi zesakhiwo sensimbi ezihambayo).3. Ukuze uthole ukulamula noma ukulinganisa okusemthethweni, ukuqinisekiswa kufanele kulandele i-JJG 539 kusetshenziswa izisindo ezijwayelekile njengethuluzi lereferensi. 4. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile anomjikelezo wokuqinisekisa wezinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi izikhungo eziningi zesifundazwe noma zikamasipala ze-metrology azikakutholi ukulandeleka kwalawa mathuluzi ajwayelekile; ukulandeleka kufanele kutholwe ezikhungweni eziqeqeshiwe.
I-JJG 1118-2015 yamukela idivayisi yokuqinisekisa eyisiza ezimele etuswe i-OIML R76, futhi isebenza njengesengezo endleleni yokuqinisekisa yezikali zamaloli kagesi ku-JJG 539-1997.Kusebenza ezikalini zamaloli e-elekthronikhi ezinomthamo omkhulu ≥ 30 t, ukuhlukaniswa kokuqinisekisa ≤ 3,000, ngokunemba okumaphakathi noma amazinga okunemba ajwayelekile. Ayisebenzi esikalini samaloli ehlukene, samabanga amaningi, noma esinezisetshenziswa ezikhombisayo ezinwetshiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-26-2025